Abstract
An energy paradigm shift has rapidly occurred around the globe. One change has been an increase in the penetration of sustainable energy. However, this can affect the reliability of power systems by increasing variability and uncertainty from the use of renewable resources. To improve the reliability of an energy supply, a power system must have a sufficient amount of flexible resources to prevent a flexibility deficit. This paper proposes a countermeasure for protecting nonnegative flexibility under high-level penetration of renewable energy with robust optimization. The proposed method is divided into three steps: (i) constructing an uncertainty set with the capacity factor of renewable energy, (ii) searching for the initial point of a flexibility deficit, and (iii) calculating the capacity of the energy storage system to avoid such a deficit. In this study, robust optimization is applied to consider the uncertainty of renewable energy, and the results are compared between deterministic and robust approaches. The proposed method is demonstrated on a power system in the Republic of Korea.
Highlights
A paradigm shift in energy generation has rapidly taken place around the world
It can be divided into three steps: (i) The range of the capacity factor of renewable energy is predicted in the construction of the uncertainty set. (ii) The initial point where the flexibility deficit occurs within an uncertainty set is detected using the robust optimization (RO). (iii) The capacity of the energy storage systems (ESS) is estimated to prevent negative flexibility from a variation in renewable energy with the RO
In previous studies using deterministic optimization and stochastic programming, in order to consider uncertainty such as that found with renewable energy, it was necessary to make scenarios
Summary
A paradigm shift in energy generation has rapidly taken place around the world. The traditional energy industry was aimed at providing energy at a low price. In the power system industry, studies related to planning and operation have been considered based on an increase in uncertain resources such as renewable energy sources [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. This paper presents a countermeasure to ensure nonnegative flexibility using flexible resources including the ramp rate and ESS by considering the capacity factor of renewable energy as an uncertainty set. It can be divided into three steps: (i) The range of the capacity factor of renewable energy is predicted in the construction of the uncertainty set. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using the Korean Power System for the year 2030
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