Abstract
A new macro-statistical principle of spatial interaction behavior is proposed. This cost-efficiency principle asserts in essence that, other things being equal, interaction patterns involving higher total costs are less likely to be observed than those involving lower costs. The main result of the paper is to show that this principle completely characterizes the important class of exponential gravity models. This characterization resolves the ‘sign’ problem inherent in the maximum- entropy derivation of these models. Moreover, since this principle focuses directly on the cost- minimizing nature of spatial interaction choices, it appears to have more behavioral content than the simple maximum-entropy approach. A number of extensions and generalizations of the cost-efficiency principle are also outlined which suggest that the principle may have a much wider range of application.
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