A Correlation Study on In Vitro Physiological Activities of Soybean Cultivars, 19 Individual Isoflavone Derivatives, and Genetic Characteristics.

Han-Na Chu,Chi-Do Wee,Yongseok Kwon,Su-Ji Lee,Kyeong-A Jang,Xiaohan Wang,Hye-Myeong Yoon,Sang-Hoon Lee,Eun-Suk Jung,Yu-Jin Hwang,Haeng-Ran Kim

doi:10.3390/antiox10122027

Abstract

The functionality of soybeans is an important factor in the selection and utilization of excellent soybean cultivars, and isoflavones are representative functional substances in soybeans, which exhibit effects on antioxidants, estrogen activity, and cancer, and prevent cardiovascular diseases. This study analyzed ABTS, DPPH, estrogen, ER (ER) alpha, UCP-1, and NO inhibition activities in 48 types of soybean cultivars, as well as the relationship with 19 isolated types of individual isoflavone derivatives. Statistical analysis was conducted to find individual isoflavone derivatives affecting physiological activities, revealing the high correlation of three types of derivatives: genistein 7-O-(6″-O-acetyl)glucoside (6″-O-acetylgenistin), genistein 7-O-(2″-O-apiosyl)glucoside, and glycitein. Based on these results, 15 types of soybean cultivars were selected (one control type, seven yellow types, six black types, and one green type), which have both high physiological activities and a high content of individual isoflavone derivatives. In addition, these high correlations were further verified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to determine the association between activities, substances, and genetic characteristics. This study comprehensively describes the relationship between the specific physiological activities of soybean resources, individual isoflavone derivative substances, and SNPs, which will be utilized for in-depth research, such as selection of excellent soybean resources with specific physiological activities.

Highlights

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the world’s five major crops and a major source of vegetable protein and fat, and there has been increasing demand for its use in functional materials, cosmetics, and biofuels in recent years [1,2]
As a result of examining the ABTS and DPPH activities of soybean cultivars (Table 2), the ABTS activity of all sample was in the range of 1.60–11.93 mg AA eq/g, and the average was 4.17 mg AA eq/g
This study identified physiological activities—antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH), menopausal improvement effect, antiobesity effect (UCP-1 activity), and anti-inflammatory effect (NO inhibition ability)—and further analyzed the relationships with 19 types of individual isoflavone derivatives, isolated and identified from the same samples

Summary

Introduction

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the world’s five major crops and a major source of vegetable protein and fat, and there has been increasing demand for its use in functional materials, cosmetics, and biofuels in recent years [1,2]. An essential amino acid, as well as other various functional substances, such as dietary fiber, isoflavones, tocopherols, saponins, and phenolic acids [1,4]. Isoflavone was reported to show content changes according to various conditions, such as soybean variety, region, harvest time, Antioxidants 2021, 10, 2027. The color and weight of soybeans were reported to affect the content of isoflavones, anthocyanins, and phenolic compounds, which, further, have different effects on antioxidant activity of compounds such as 2,20 azino-bis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Many studies have revealed that polyphenols, such as anthocyanins, isoflavones, and phenolic acids, are related to the health functional properties of soybeans, and that these compounds have individual or synergistic effects in cancer, diabetes, anti-inflammatory activity, and cardiovascular diseases [1,2].

Methods

Results

Conclusion