Abstract
The present article attempts to analyze the interaction between categories of speech and thought in James Joyce’s Dubliners quantitatively and qualitatively by applying Leech and Short Model (1981/2007). Excerpts of 2000-word length have been randomly selected and manually tagged to have the accurate annotation keeping in mind the contextual potential to recognize discourse categories in Joyce fiction and then corpus software AntConc (Laurence Anthony 2018) was used to get quantitative results. The present study is grounded within three separate but interrelated disciplines: Stylistics, Discourse Analysis, and Narratology. It is difficult to imagine an example of a narrative that does not contain a reference to or a quotation of someone’s speech or thoughts. To a large extent, the way we perceive a story depends upon the ways discourse is presented. This is something hard to demarcate the boundaries between them as the various modes have the potential to slip into one another. Special emphasis is given to variations between the three modes as well as to the instances of ambiguity created by their interplay. The article also compares findings with those described in Semino and Short (2004) for their corpus of 20th-century narrative fiction. Keywords: Corpus Stylistics, speech presentation, thought presentation, Leech and Short Model DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/81-05 Publication date: August 31 st 2021
Highlights
The present paper attempts to analyze the interaction between categories of speech and thought in James Joyce’s fiction quantitatively and qualitatively by applying Leech and Short Model (1981/2007)
The number of tags identified as Narrator’s Presentation of Voice (NV) in the corpus amounts to only 160
The reporting verbs used to introduce Direct Thought (DT) are not restricted to the verb think; we find an ample variety of verb phrases, such as saw myself as a creature,observe to herself, the souls of each other cried out, his eyes added, cried his soul, or said to oneself
Summary
The present paper attempts to analyze the interaction between categories of speech and thought in James Joyce’s fiction quantitatively and qualitatively by applying Leech and Short Model (1981/2007). It can be said that the construction thought of is, in addition to the other constructions identified in my corpus, a diagnostic marker of NRTA, such as in, for instance, “At the thought of the failure of her little surprise and of the two and fourpence she had thrown away for nothing she nearly cried outright.” (Clay 2011 [1914]: 93) It frequently occurs in the middle of the conversation and gives readers a brief insight into the thoughts that motivate the speech of one of the characters, as we have already seen: As the light failed and his memory began to wander he thought her hand touched his. It has illustrated that this report of a state of mind is dialogic and contextual and can serve as both prospecting and encapsulating both physical and mental action
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