A copper-formate framework showing a simple to helical antiferroelectric transition with prominent dielectric anomalies and anisotropic thermal expansion, and antiferromagnetism.

Abstract

We present here the compound [NH4][Cu(HCOO)3], a new member of the [NH4][M(HCOO)3] family. The Jahn-Teller Cu(2+) ion leads to a distorted 4(9)⋅6(6) chiral Cu-formate framework. In the low-temperature (LT) orthorhombic phase, the Cu(2+) is in an elongated octahedron, and the NH₄⁺ ions in the framework channel are off the channel axis. From 94 to 350 K the NH₄⁺ ion gradually approaches the channel axis and the related modulation of the framework and the hydrogen-bond system occurs. The LT phase is simple antiferroelectric (AFE). The material becomes hexagonal above 355 K. In the high-temperature (HT) phase, the Cu(2+) octahedron is compressed, and the NH₄⁺ ions are arranged helically along the channel axis. Therefore, the phase transition is one from LT simple AFE to HT helical AFE. The temperature-dependent structure evolution is accompanied by significant thermal and dielectric anomalies and anisotropic thermal expansion, due to the different status of the NH₄⁺ ions and the framework modulations, and the structure-property relationship was established based on the extensive variable-temperature single-crystal structures. The material showed long range ordering of antiferromagnetism (AFM), with low dimensional character and a Néel temperature of 2.9 K. Therefore, within the material AFE and AFM orderings coexist in the low-temperature region.