Abstract

The massive integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) in modern power systems is imposing several challenges; one of them is the increased need for balancing services. Coping with the high variability of the future generation mix with incredible high shares of VER, the power system requires developing and enabling sources of flexibility. This paper proposes and demonstrates a single layer control system for coordinating the steady-state operation of battery energy storage system (BESS) and wind power plants via multi-terminal high voltage direct current (HVDC). The proposed coordinated controller is a single layer controller on the top of the power converter-based technologies. Specifically, the coordinated controller uses the capabilities of the distributed battery energy storage systems (BESS) to store electricity when a logic function is fulfilled. The proposed approach has been implemented considering a control logic based on the power flow in the DC undersea cables and coordinated to charging distributed-BESS assets. The implemented coordinated controller has been tested using numerical simulations in a modified version of the classical IEEE 14-bus test system, including tree-HVDC converter stations. A 24-h (1-min resolution) quasi-dynamic simulation was used to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed coordinated control. The controller demonstrated the capacity of fulfilling the defined control logic. Finally, the instantaneous flexibility power was calculated, demonstrating the suitability of the proposed coordinated controller to provide flexibility and decreased requirements for balancing power.

Highlights

  • The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) [1] suggested that by 2050, globally, around 61% of electricity could be supplied by variable renewable energy (VRE)sources like solar and wind power (WP)

  • This paper proposes and demonstrates a single layer control system for coordinating the operation of battery energy storage system (BESS) and wind power plants via multiterminal high voltage direct current (HVDC)

  • The coordinated controller takes actions at the modular multilevel converter-HVDC (MMCHVDC) stations located in the AC/DC interface; it is implemented by taking advantage of the local controllers at each one of the MMC-HVDC stations and the voltage−power (Udc −Pdc ) control

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Summary

Introduction

The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) [1] suggested that by 2050, globally, around 61% of electricity could be supplied by variable renewable energy (VRE). The reliable operation of the power systems with a high penetration of VRE requires a well-planned and fully used flexibility at all levels of the power system It includes enabling the maximum flexibility from the power generation to the transmission/distribution system, and enabling the demand side flexibility; in this process, energy storage plays a very important role. Energies 2021, 14, 4650 implementation of information and communication technologies and solutions as enablers of the power system flexibility This scientific paper considers integration as a key element enabling flexibility. This paper proposes and demonstrates a single layer control system for coordinating the operation of battery energy storage system (BESS) and wind power plants via multiterminal high voltage direct current (HVDC).

Coordinated Distributed-BESS and Wind Power Plant
D C syst em
Voltage Control in DC Transmission Systems
Representative
Control
Control Mode Pac -Qac
Control Mode Udc -Pdc -Droop
Representative block diagram illustrating
Implementation and Results
13. Simulation
15. Simulation
Conclusions
Full Text
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