A cooperative game approach for optimal resiliency-oriented scheduling of transactive multiple microgrids

Abstract

The growth of distributed energy resources and microgrids (MGs) attracts attention to the transactive multiple MG (TMMG) concept. This paper proposes a novel framework that belongs to the competitive-based resilient scheduling of TMMGs. A cooperative game approach is investigated for optimal day-ahead scheduling of TMMGs, which concerns the possibility of long-duration disconnection from the main grid. The TMMG comprises multiple MGs that can have energy transactions through a local market. This local energy market lets the TMMG operator receive the MGs' 24-hour bid-offer amounts and set the hourly transaction prices. The proposed game fulfills the minimum operation cost for MGs in the normal operation mode (NOM) and ensures the serving of TMMG's load during the resiliency operation mode (ROM). Thus, the paper seeks to find an equilibrium point so that all the MGs reach acceptable strategies by meeting the constraints in the NOM and ROM. It is shown that the market tends to provide the NOM transaction at clearing prices lower than the wholesale price. Also, it tends to disperse a higher price in the ROM condition. Notwithstanding the profitable opportunity for renewable-penetrated MGs, they are exposed to high costs due to the inherent uncertainty and risk of generation deficiency.