A Convergent Class Model Development and a Study of Evaluation Method for Critical Thinking Formulation: Through a Consideration of Hardy’s Tess and Foucault

Abstract

This study explores the effect of a humanities-based convergent class model (HBCCM) on critical thinking (CT) when Kakao-Talk is utilized as a virtual learning space to acquire new knowledge using flipped learning (FL). Its objective is to promote EFL undergraduates’ (n=51) participation in face-to-face discussion activities by getting them to prepare before coming to class. The preliminary learning contents and conceptual knowledge organized into specific argumentative topics based on Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Foucault’s philosophical perspective of Sexuality, Madness and Power were provided via Kakao-Talk. Students could experience a self-regulatory learning process outside of class and develop their ideas with peers' through in-class discussion. While the collaborative learning through group activities promoted social interaction, interdependence and critical analysis, the students self-evaluated their ideas clearly. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies including Watson-Glaser's (W-G) CT assessment were conducted to evaluate the change of CT skills. The results showed the significant interaction of the CT skills. In particular, the students improved the skills of recognizing assumption, deductive reasoning and evaluating arguments as they experienced CT-efficacy through this learning process. Accordingly, HBCCM may contribute to the higher education for activating CT and the improvement of a teaching and learning method.