Abstract
Herein, we present new approaches for developing sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) and polyaniline-based (PANI) actuator formed by film-casting and chemical reduction of Pt electrodes. We have thoroughly studied the synthesis of SPEEK and characterized it by different analytical techniques. The ion-exchange capacity (IEC) and proton conductivity of SPEEK-PANI polymer membrane were calculated to be 1.98 mmol g−1 and 1.97 × 10−3 S cm−1, respectively. To develop an IPMC actuator, SPEEK was combined with PANI through in-situ polymerization method. SEM and XRD were used to check the morphology of the given SPEEK-PANI-Pt membrane. In addition, FT-IR and EDX techniques confirmed the molecular structure and chemical conformation of SPEEK-PANI polymer membrane. Pt electrode layers homogeneously dispersed on the IPMC membrane surface, which was demonstrated by smooth SEM micrographs. The actuation functioning, including the high bending deflection, proton conductivity, current density and IEC of IPMC actuator based on SPEEK-PANI-Pt, was obtained owing to its strong electrochemical and electromechanical characteristics. Synergistic combinations of SPEEK and PANI produced membrane that are flexible, mechanically strong and robust. The developed materials have immense capability as actuators for various applications including in biomimetics and robotics.
Highlights
The smart materials such as electroactive polymers (EAPs) that respond to electrical stimulation [1], including conducting polymers (CPs) [2], ionic gels [3], solid electrolyte composite comprising ionic liquids [4] and ion-exchange membrane [5], may be used to facilitate ion migration within a polymer matrix
An ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) membrane with sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK)-polyaniline (PANI) polymer composite was developed to analyze the effectiveness of actuators
PANThIe-Pinttearrfaecidael apdihcetseidonianmFoinggutrhee p4o(ltyompe,rdmoewmbnr)a.nIetasnhdoewlecstrtohdaetctahnebePitmpparorvtiecdles wer idn itshtisriIbPMutCedactwuaittohribny tuhsiengsuthrefadicfefusoiof nthlaeyeSrsPoEfEthKe-PPt.AFNurtIhmermemoreb,rthaenceo,mcpoovseitrioinn g the e oifnttheerafcaqcuei.red IPMC actuator based on the SPEEK-PANI-Pt membrane was confirmed by EDX analysis
Summary
The smart materials such as electroactive polymers (EAPs) that respond to electrical stimulation [1], including conducting polymers (CPs) [2], ionic gels [3], solid electrolyte composite comprising ionic liquids [4] and ion-exchange membrane [5], may be used to facilitate ion migration within a polymer matrix. Nafion® (DuPont, Wilmington, NC, USA) and Aciplex® (Asahi Chemical, Osaka, Japan), are mainly being used for many IPMC applications This may be, most probably, owing to their high proton conductivity, excellent chemical stability, and mechanical strength. The semicrystalline PEEK has exceptional mechanical properties, chemical resistance, thermal stability, and toughness It is an appropriate polymer for many industries including medical, aerospace, microfiltration (MF), electronic industries, ion-conducting membranes, reverse osmosis (RO), and ultrafiltration (UF). An aromatic PEEK is sulfonated to increase hydrophilicity and acidity, since water enables the transfer of protons and improves the ionic conductivity. An IPMC membrane with SPEEK-polyaniline (PANI) polymer composite was developed to analyze the effectiveness of actuators. [B2r9ie].flByr, iefly, 550000mmLLssuulplphhuurircicacaicdid(c(ocnocnecnetnratrteadte)dw)aws aasddadeddeind1in0.010g.0ofgPoEfEPKEaEnKdasntidrrsetdirfroerd1f8ohr 1a8t h at 2255°◦CC..TThheenn, ,ththeehihgihglhylyacaidciidcimc imxtiuxrtue rweaws aslsoswlolywplyouproeudriendtoinicteo-cicoeo-lceododleediodneizioedniwzeadtewr ater uunnddeerrccoonntitninuuoouussananddvivgiogrooruosusstisrtriirnrgin. PPrroottoonnCCoonndduuctcitviivtiytyanadndIoIno-nE-xEcxhcahnagne gCeaCpaacpiatycity TThheesstutuddieiessoof tfhtehefafbarbicraicteadtemd emmebmrabnrean(SeP(ESEPKE–EPKA–NPAI)N, sIu),chsuacshparostpornoctoonndcuocntidvuitcytivity aannddiioonn--eexxcchhaannggeecacpapacaictyit,yw, wereerecaclaclucluatlaedteadsarsepreoprtoerdtebdybInyaImnaumdduidndeitnael.t[a8l].. [8]
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