Abstract
Currently, wind power is the fastest-growing means of electricity generation in the world. To obtain the maximum efficiency from the wind energy conversion system, it is important that the control strategy design is carried out in the best possible way. In fact, besides regulating the frequency and output voltage of the electrical signal, these strategies should also extract energy from wind power at the maximum level of efficiency. With advances in micro-controllers and electronic components, the design and implementation of efficient controllers are steadily improving. This paper presents a maximum power point tracking controller scheme for a small wind energy conversion system with a variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator. With the controller, the system extracts optimum possible power from the wind speed reaching the wind turbine and feeds it to the grid at constant voltage and frequency based on the AC–DC–AC conversion system. A MATLAB/SimPowerSystems environment was used to carry out the simulations of the system. Simulation results were analyzed under variable wind speed and load conditions, exhibiting the performance of the proposed controller. It was observed that the controllers can extract maximum power and regulate the voltage and frequency under such variable conditions. Extensive results are included in the paper.
Highlights
Nowadays, most countries are promoting the massive integration of renewable energy sources (RES)to replace conventional power plants based on nuclear and fossil fuels [1,2]
This paper proposes an optimum control system for a small wind turbine to regulate the output power from a wind energy conversion system connected to a grid
Due to the influence of wind speed changes on the wind turbine performance, direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) are considered as the best alternative for small wind applications, as the permanent magnets produce the magnetic flux without needing any additional element for excitation [52]
Summary
Most countries are promoting the massive integration of renewable energy sources (RES). FSWTs are equipped with induction generators (squirrel cage or wound rotor), thereby being simpler and requiring lower construction and maintenance costs Their operation rotational speed is fixed and cannot be controlled if wind speed varies from one value to another. The PWM IGBT/diode-based generator and side converter controllers control the rotor speed and torque with PI controllers This optimizes the power extraction from the wind at variable wind speed. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents the main equations and parameters of a wind turbine, together with the characteristics and particularities of small wind and the electrical equations of the PMSG in the dq-frame; the control strategy for optimum electrical power extraction proposed in the paper is described in Section 3; Section 4 analyzes the results; Section 5 gives the conclusions of the study
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