A controlled trial of noninvasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations

Abstract

Purpose This prospective, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study tested the hypothesis that noninvasive positive pressure ventilation reduces the need for endotracheal intubation in patients hospitalized in a pulmonary ward because of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Materials and Methods Seventy-five consecutive patients with exacerbation (pH, 7.31 ± 0.02; Pa o 2, 45 ± 9 mm Hg; Pa co 2, 69 ± 13 mm Hg) were randomly assigned to receive noninvasive ventilation or sham noninvasive ventilation during the first 3 days of hospitalization on top of standard medical treatment. Results The need for intubation (according to predefined criteria) was lower in the noninvasive ventilation group (13.5% vs 34%, P < .01); in 31 patients with pH not exceeding 7.30, these percentages were 22% and 77%, respectively ( P < .001). Arterial pH and Pa co 2 improved in both groups, but changes were enhanced by noninvasive ventilation. Length of stay was lower in the noninvasive ventilation group (10 ± 5 vs 12 ± 6 days, P = .06). In-hospital mortality was similar in both groups. Conclusions These results demonstrate that noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, in a pulmonary ward, reduces the need for endotracheal intubation, particularly in the more severe patients, and leads to a faster recovery in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.