Abstract
The chromosome complements of thirteen species of the planthopper family Dictyopharidae are described and illustrated. For each species, the structure of testes and, on occasion, ovaries is additionally outlined in terms of the number of seminal follicles and ovarioles. The data presented cover the tribes Nersiini, Scoloptini and Dictyopharini of the subfamily Dictyopharinae and the tribes Ranissini, Almanini, and Orgeriini of the Orgeriinae. The data on the tribes Nersiini and Orgeriini are provided for the first time. Males of Hyalodictyon taurinum and Trimedia cf. viridata (Nersiini) have 2n = 26 + X; Scolops viridis, S. sulcipes, and S. abnormis (Scoloptini) 2n = 36 + X; Callodictya krueperi (Dictyopharini) 2n = 26 + X; Ranissus edirneus and Schizorgerius scytha (Ranissini) 2n = 26 + X. Males of Almana longipes and Bursinia cf. genei (Almanini) have 2n = 26 + X and 2n = 24 + XY, respec- tively. The latter chromosome complement was not recorded previously for the tribe Almanini. Males of Orgerius ventosus and Deserta cf. bipunctata (Orgeriini) have 2n = 26 + X. The testes of males of A. longipes and B. cf. genei each have 4 seminal follicles, which is characteristic of the tribe Almanini. Males of all other species have 6 follicles per testis. When the ovaries of a species were also studied, the number of ovarioles was coincident with that of seminal follicles. For comparison, Capocles podli- paevi (2n = 24 + X and 6 follicles per testis in males) from the Fulgoridae, the sister family to Dictyopharidae, was also studied. We supplemented all the data obtained with our earlier observations on Dictyopharidae. The chromosomal complement of 2n = 28 + X or that of 2n = 26 + X and 6 follicles per testis are suggested to be the ancestral condition among Dictyopharidae, from which taxa with various chromosome numbers and testes each with 4 follicles have differentiated.
Highlights
The relatively large planthopper family Dictyopharidae Spinola, 1839 consists of two subfamilies: Dictyopharinae with some 300 species, 70 genera, 11 tribes and Orgeriinae with 192 species, 37 genera, 4 tribes (Emeljanov, 1980, 2007)
The testes of males of A. longipes and B. cf. genei each have 4 seminal follicles, which is characteristic of the tribe Almanini
It is significant that these chromosome numbers have never been recorded in the very similar and phylogenetically close family Dictyopharidae (Emeljanov, 1979; Yeh et al, 2005), which is much better studied in respect of karyotypes (Table 3)
Summary
The relatively large planthopper family Dictyopharidae Spinola, 1839 consists of two subfamilies: Dictyopharinae with some 300 species, 70 genera, 11 tribes and Orgeriinae with 192 species, 37 genera, 4 tribes (Emeljanov, 1980, 2007). The chromosome complements of 34 dictyopharid species belonging to the tribes Dictyopharini, Scoloptini, and Orthopagini of the Dictyopharinae and the tribes Ranissini and Almanini of the Orgeriinae have been described (Kuznetsova, 1985; Kirillova, 1986; Tian et al, 2004). The species studied have two sex-determining mechanisms (XX/X0 and XX/XY) and a diploid chromosome number in males ranging from 2n = 26 to 37, with 2n = 36 + X, 2n = 28 + X, and 2n = 26 + X in the Dictyopharinae, and 2n = 26 + X and 2n = 24 + XY in the Orgeriinae.
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