A Contribution to the Establishment of Reference Values for Total Mercury Levels in Hair and Fish in Amazonia

Abstract

Studies on mercury levels in the Amazonian Region have typically lacked background or reference parameters. A sectional study on Hg concentration in hair and fish was conducted, together with an assessment of the prevalence of signs and symptoms related to Hg poisoning, in four communities in the Amazon Basin not impacted by gold mining, located either by a river course (Santana do Ituqui and Caxiuanã) or by a lake (Aldeia do Lago Grande and Vila do Tabatinga). Mercury determinations in hair and fish were made by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean total Hg in hair was 4.33 μg/g (0.40–11.60 μg/g) in 321 individuals from Santana do Ituqui, 3.98 μg/g (0.40–11.76 μg/g) for 316 persons in Aldeia do Lago Grande, 5.46 μg/g (0.37–49.85 μg/g) for 504 individuals from Vila do Tabatinga and 8.58 μg/g (0.61–45.59 μg/g) for 203 inhabitants from Caxiuanã. Fish consumption was very high in all those communities but no signs or symptoms associated with Hg poisoning were found. Mean Hg concentration in fish varied from 0.006 to 2.529 μg/g for carnivores and from 0.008 to 0.871 μg/g for noncarnivores. These values suggest that further studies including a larger number of communities would eventually lead to values of “normal” Hg concentration in the Amazonian Region quite above the limits suggested by the World Health Organization.