Abstract

AbstractA second‐order shape design sensitivity analysis (DSA) method applicable to the shape change on the loaded boundaries is derived for three‐dimensional linear elastic solids using a continuum method with the material derivative. The continuum method is also used to derive mixed second‐order variations of stress and displacement performance measures with respect to shape design variables and distribution of non‐conservative traction loads, and also with respect to shape design variables and material properties. A shape design acceleration field is defined for the second‐order shape design sensitivity. Both direct differentiation and hybrid methods are presented in this paper. A numerical method, which can be implemented using established finite element analysis (FEA) codes, is developed. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed second‐order shape DSA method has been demonstrated by solving a structural example‐doubly curved arch dam.

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