Abstract
The main physical laws of thermal–plastic deformation and fatigue damage accumulation processes in polycrystalline structural alloys under various regimes of cyclic thermal–mechanical loading are considered. Within the framework of mechanics of damaged media, a mathematical model is developed that describes thermal–plastic deformation and fatigue damage accumulation processes under low-cycle loading. The model consists of three interrelated parts: relations defining plastic behavior of the material, accounting for its dependence on the failure process; evolutionary equations describing damage accumulation kinetics; a strength criterion of the damaged material. The plasticity model based on the notion of yield surface and the principle of orthogonality of the plastic strain vector to the yield surface is used as defining relations. This version of defining equations of plasticity describes the main effects of the deformation process under monotone cyclic, proportional and nonproportional loading regimes. The version of kinetic equations of damage accumulation is based on introducing a scalar parameter of damage degree and energy principles, and account for the main effects of nucleation, growth and merging of microdefects under arbitrary regimes of low-cycle loading. The strength criterion of the damaged material is based on reaching a critical value of the damage degree. The results of numerically modeling cyclic thermal–plastic deformation and fatigue damage accumulation in heat-resistant alloys (Nimonic 80A, Haynes 188) under combined thermal–mechanical loading are presented. Special attention is paid to the issues of modeling the processes of cyclic thermal–plastic deformation and fatigue damage accumulation for complex deformation processes accompanied by the rotation of the main stress and strain tensor areas. It is shown that the present damaged medium model accurately enough for engineering purposes describes the processes of cyclic isothermal and nonisothermal deformation and fatigue damage accumulation under combined thermal–mechanical loading and makes it possible to evaluate low-cycle fatigue life of heat-resistant alloys under arbitrary deformation trajectories.
Highlights
The general trend in the development of structures and machines of modern mechanical engineering is characterized by the increasing number of their working parameters, the decreasing metal consumption due to optimal design and use of novel high-strength materials, the increasing relative share of nonstationary loading regimes
One of the main tasks of the development and exploitation of structures and machines of modern technologies at present is the task of reliable evaluation of their service life. This task is especially vital for objects with service lives of several tens of years. as a rule, the exploitation conditions of such structures and machines are characterized by multiparametric nonstationary thermal–mechanical loading, effects of external fields leading to the degradation of the initial strength properties of structural materials and, to exhausting the life of the structural units of the object [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
To assess qualitatively and quantitatively the reliability of the model, the present paper investigates the effect of the laws of change of mechanical strength and temperature on fatigue life of heat-resistant alloys (Nimonic 80A, Haynes 188) under nonproportional regimes of thermal–mechanical loading
Summary
The general trend in the development of structures and machines of modern mechanical engineering is characterized by the increasing number of their working parameters, the decreasing metal consumption due to optimal design and use of novel high-strength materials, the increasing relative share of nonstationary loading regimes. A combined effect of mechanical and thermal loads results, as a rule, in substantial rotation of the main areas of stress and strain tensors (nonproportional loading), which, in the presence of plastic deformation leads to noncoaxiality of stress and total and plastic strains tensors To model such processes, reliable models of cyclic thermal plasticity are required. In [12,13,14,15,16], in the framework of MDM, a mathematical model was developed that describes processes of cyclic thermal–plastic deformation and fatigue damage accumulation in structural materials (metals and their alloys) under multiaxial nonproportional paths of combined thermal–mechanical loading. Continuum models for describing the emerging of damage and fracture have been investigated in [19,20,21,22]
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