Abstract
A particle breakage has a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of granular materials. In this paper, we present an elasto-plastic model with two yield surfaces to which the influence of particle breakage has been introduced. The main feature of this model is to incorporate the change in the critical state line (CSL) consequent to the grain breakage induced by isotropic and deviatoric stresses during loading. For this purpose we propose a breakage function which connects the evolution of the CSL to the energy consumed. Results from earlier studies on drained and undrained compression and extension triaxial tests were used to calibrate and validate the model. Comparison between earlier results and our simulations indicates that the model can reproduce with good accuracy the mechanical behavior of crushable granular materials and predict the evolution of the grain size distribution during loading.
Highlights
A grain breakage commonly occurs when a granular material undergoes compression and shearing, especially under high confining stress
Departing from the models of Daouadji et al [14, 21], we propose a simple two-yield surface plastic model using the evolution of the critical state line (CSL) with gradation, and departing from the model of Muir Wood et al [20], we connect the evolution of the gradation to the plastic work during loading
We analyzed the evolution of gradation as a function of the amount of plastic work and the evolution of the position of CSL with the gradation
Summary
A grain breakage commonly occurs when a granular material undergoes compression and shearing, especially under high confining stress (e.g., earth dams, deep well shafts). Daouadji et al [14] connected the position of the critical state line (CSL) to the amount of energy needed for grain breakage, showing that the CSL in the e-logp’ (void ratio versus mean effective stress in log scale) descends according to the evolution of gradation. Muir Wood et al [12] confirmed the change of the position of CSL with grain gradation Based on this result, they connected the CSL with a grading state index IG which is a state parameter that evaluates the evolution of the gradation as a result of grain breakage. Departing from the models of Daouadji et al [14, 21], we propose a simple two-yield surface plastic model using the evolution of the CSL with gradation, and departing from the model of Muir Wood et al [20], we connect the evolution of the gradation to the plastic work during loading. Results of numerical simulations of triaxial tests performed on Cambria Sand under different loading conditions at high confining stresses are compared to experimental data
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