Abstract
Recently, Internet of Things (IoT)-based systems, especially automation systems, have become an indispensable part of modern-day lives to support the controlling of the networked devices and providing context-aware and intelligent environments. IoT-based services/apps developed by the end-users interact with each other and share concurrent access to devices according to their preferences, which increases safety, security, and correctness issues in IoT systems. Due to the critical impacts resulting from these issues, IoT-based apps require a customized type of compilers or checking tools that capable of analyzing the structures of these apps and detecting different types of errors and conflicts either in intra-IoT app instructions or in inter-IoT apps interactions. A plethora of approaches and frameworks have been proposed to assist the best practices for end-users in developing their IoT-based apps and mitigate these errors and conflicts. This paper focuses on conflict classification and detection approaches in the context of IoT systems by investigating the current research techniques that provided conflicts’ classification or detection in IoT systems (published between 2014 and 2020). A classification of IoT-based apps interaction conflicts is proposed. The proposed conflicts’ classification provides a priori conflicts detection method based on the analysis of IoT app instructions’ relationships with utilizing the state-of-the-art Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) model checking and formal notations. The current detection approaches are compared with each other according to the proposed conflicts’ classification to determine to which extend they cover different conflicts. Based on this comparison, we provide evidence that the existing approaches have a gap in covering different conflicts’ levels and types which yields to minimize the correctness and safety of IoT systems. We point out the need to develop a safety and security compiler or tool for IoT systems. Also, we recommend using a hybrid approach that combines model checking with a variety of languages and semantic technologies in developing future IoT-based apps verification frameworks to cover all levels and types of conflicts to guarantee and increase the safety, security, and correctness of IoT systems.
Highlights
Automation of large and complex buildings such as houses, hospitals, universities, and other commercial buildings requires a multi-purpose system that can perform different tasks
We begin with the formalization for both automation services and policies defined in the ‘Introduction’ section; we provide the definitions and notations for the conflicts included in the classification
We suggest using/adding our conflicts’ classification in the future formal verification methods or even compilers related to Internet of Things (IoT) systems, as a part that is responsible for ensuring the correctness and safety of end-users programmed IoT applications
Summary
Automation of large and complex buildings such as houses, hospitals, universities, and other commercial buildings requires a multi-purpose system that can perform different tasks. This type of system is capable of supporting end-users with a user-friendly GUI to develop their automation tasks such as: detecting bugs and errors in these apps, distinguishing conflicts in apps’ interactions, orchestrating apps, and providing data integration over-attached devices. The main features of these multi-purpose systems are accomplishing tasks automatically and providing different facilities in the building based on users’ preferences. These facilities range from predicting user occupancy and turn on lights to HVAC, security, fire-alarm, maintaining comfortable utility services for occupants, and combining several vendor-based systems to achieve the required goals. They used policies differently to resolve the conflicts between different users
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