Abstract
Abstract Cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs) consist of autonomous nodes that operate in ad hoc mode and aim at efficient utilization of spectrum resources. Usually, the cognitive nodes in a CRAHN exploit a number of available channels, but these channels are not necessarily common to all nodes. Such a network environment poses the problem of establishing a common control channel (CCC) as there might be no channel common to all the network members at all. In designing protocols, therefore, it is highly desirable to consider the network environment with no CCC. In this article, we propose a MAC protocol called concurrent access MAC (CA-MAC) that operates in the network environment with no CCC. The two devices in a communication pair can communicate with each other even if they have only one common channel available. Therefore, the problems with CCC (such as channel saturation and denial of service attacks) can also be resolved. In CA-MAC, channel accesses are distributed over communication pairs, resulting in increased network connectivity. In addition, CA-MAC allows different communication pairs to access multiple channels concurrently. According to our performance study, CA-MAC provides higher network connectivity with shorter channel access delay compared to SYN-MAC, which is the conventional key MAC protocol for the network environment with no CCC, resulting in better network throughput.
Highlights
Cognitive radio networks have been devised to opportunistically access the available spectrum being underutilized by users who are licensed to use that spectrum
We propose a MAC protocol called concurrent access MAC (CA-MAC) for Cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs) capable of concurrent transmissions on multiple channels by different pairs of devices
As we have considered a network in which the available channel set is not common between nodes, entries in the common channel list (CCL) vary for each communication pair
Summary
Cognitive radio networks have been devised to opportunistically access the available spectrum being underutilized by users who are licensed to use that spectrum. Channels C3 and C4 have values 6 and 8, respectively, and they are common to both nodes N1 and N2 Going on this manner, CCL of the N1–N2 pair would include channels C3 and C4 in the same order, because, as mentioned, we give higher priority to those channels that are ‘less common’ throughout the network, so as to increase the probability of winning contentions. As we have considered a network in which the available channel set is not common between nodes, entries in the CCL vary for each communication pair. In every time slot t, a representative channel is used for control signal exchange by the nodes which tune their listening radio to this particular channel.
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