Abstract
The supply of potable water is insufficient to meet the needs of the growing population and daily life. Due to high salt concentrations, ocean water cannot be used directly. Furthermore, the water in rivers and lakes is contaminated with industrial wastes, making it unsafe to drink. A solar still is a simple device that uses solar energy to purify saline water via evaporation and condensation. Solar stills have undergone various modifications to improve the daily productivity. Herein, an attempt is made to categorize the various types of auxiliary components, such as biomass heat sources, gravel bed sensible heat storage, heat pipes, heat pumps, solar collectors, and ponds, assisting in solar stills to improve the daily productivity and energy efficiency. The review outcome shows that the improved daily productivity and energy efficiencies are about 231% and 65% higher than for conventional solar still. Furthermore, in economic analysis, the maximum annual productivity and cost per liter of distillate are about 5845.3 kg m−2 and 1.93 USD, respectively. The maximum payback period is estimated to be 23.9 years. The review also suggests the vision to identify the future scope for additional implementations.
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