A Concise Review of the Conflicting Roles of Dopamine-1 versus Dopamine-2 Receptors in Wound Healing.

Alexandra Vaughn,Michael Davis,Roslyn Isseroff,Raja Sivamani

doi:10.3390/molecules23010050

Abstract

Catecholamines play an important regulatory role in cutaneous wound healing. The exact role of dopamine in human epidermis has yet to be fully elucidated. Current published evidence describes its differential effects on two separate families of G protein coupled receptors: D1-like and D2-like dopamine receptors. Dopamine may enhance angiogenesis and wound healing through its action on dopamine D1 receptors, while impairing wound healing when activating D2 receptors. This review summarizes the evidence for the role of dopamine in wound healing and describes potential mechanisms behind its action on D1 versus D2-like receptors in the skin.

Highlights

Wound healing occurs as a normal physiological response to cutaneous damage, either from acute trauma or underlying disease, leading to skin breakdown and ulceration
The process of cutaneous wound healing consists of several phases, including an inflammatory phase, a proliferative phase, and a remodeling phase, all of which rely on communication of various cells and signaling molecules
Several studies have shown that nerves play an important regulatory role in cutaneous wound healing [1,2,3]

Summary

Introduction

Wound healing occurs as a normal physiological response to cutaneous damage, either from acute trauma or underlying disease, leading to skin breakdown and ulceration. Several studies have shown that nerves play an important regulatory role in cutaneous wound healing [1,2,3]. Nerves can contribute to the inflammatory response in the first phase of wound healing, by releasing endogenous catecholamine neurotransmitters, such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine (DA) [4]. D2-like receptor (D2, D3, D4 receptors) agonists stimulate G0 /Gi proteins, thereby down regulating the intracellular cAMP pathway and agonists stimulate. /Gi proteins, thereby down regulating the and intracellular cAMP pathway and inhibiting neuronal This study found differential expression of the D2 and D4 receptors within the basal and and outermost layers of the epidermis [11]. Dopamine reaches the dermal fibroblasts [9], and D2 receptors in endothelial cells [12]. The purpose of this review is to highlight and summarize the evidence of dopamine’s role in wound healing and to discuss potential mechanisms that underpin dopamine’s contribution to healing of wounds

Influence on Angiogenesis and Dermal Wound Healing

Influence on Epidermis and Keratinocytes

Influence on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Findings

Summary