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Abstract
Soil structure and void ratio are the major factors that control the permeability changes during soil deformation. In this research, we proposed and tested a conceptual model considering these two factors based on the concept of permeability anisotropy. This model, which is expressed as k(e) graph, determines the total k values that soil can achieve and shows that as deformation proceeds, soil permeability passes through a specific zone in the k(e) graph. Thus, by deforming a soil sample, measuring its permeability during deformation, and comparing the results using the k(e) graph, it might be possible to predict deformation effects on the permeability. To evaluate this conceptual model, we designed and built a special apparatus to carry out two sets of experiments. The first set was performed to achieve the k(e) graph during static compression based on the conceptual model; and the second set was conducted to investigate the permeability changes relative to k(e) graph during simple shear deformation in constant volume condition. Our results show that the theoretical k(e) graph agrees more with the measured k(e) graph in medium to dense samples that might have no macropore. In addition, particles’ preferential orientation and/or anisotropic permeability were not changed during shear deformation due to three possible causes: deformation done in constant volume deformation, relatively low shear strain, and shearing along particle orientation. Void ratio and particle orientation are associated with each other, and soil shearing with constant void ratio might cause the anisotropy of permeability to be relatively constant. Thus, it is needed to design and build a new complex apparatus or use a special method for testing how permeability changes within the k(e) graph zone during soil deformation.
Highlights
When a soil body deforms, its permeability might change
Experiments of the permeability changes during simple shear deformation conducted for all defined three stages A, B, and C, so that to determine variations of kh and kv related to kh(max) and kv(min) curves in the k(e) graph
In stages A and B, sealing of cell was failed at low shear strain the experiment was terminated and the strain developed in the sample did not exceed 10%
Summary
When a soil body deforms, its permeability might change. Settlement, compression, consolidation, and shearing are the common causes of deformations in soils. Less extensive deformations such as bending, torsion, and other complicated forms may occur. In some of these deformations, permeability changes are negligible; they would play a key role when fluid infiltration and seepage is a matter of concern. Us, having a good knowledge of deformation effects could be a great assistance in realistic judgment about permeability variation for designing or foresight events. In unsaturated conditions, when soil deforms due to changes in void ratio, the degree of saturation varies leading to consequent changes in its permeability [1,2,3].
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