Abstract
Since the inception of the Internet of Things (IoT), we have adopted centralized architecture for decades. With the vastly growing number of IoT devices and gateways, this architecture struggles to cope with the high demands of state-of-the-art IoT services, which require scalable and responsive infrastructure. In response, decentralization becomes a considerable interest among IoT adopters. Following a similar trajectory, this paper introduces an IoT architecture re-work that enables three spheres of IoT workflows (i.e., computing, storage, and networking) to be run in a distributed manner. In particular, we employ the blockchain and smart contract to provide a secure computing platform. The distributed storage network maintains the saving of IoT raw data and application data. The software-defined networking (SDN) controllers and SDN switches exist in the architecture to provide connectivity across multiple IoT domains. We envision all of those services in the form of separate yet integrated peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks, which IoT actors such as IoT domain owners, IoT users, Internet Service Provider (ISP), and government can cultivate. We also present several IoT workflow examples showing how IoT developers can adapt to this new proposed architecture. Based on the presented workflows, the IoT computing can be performed in a trusted and privacy-preserving manner, the IoT storage can be made robust and verifiable, and finally, we can react to the network events automatically and quickly. Our discussions in this paper can be beneficial for many people ranging from academia, industries, and investors that are interested in the future of IoT in general.
Highlights
Accepted: 24 March 2021Since its inception, the Internet of Things (IoT) has opened vast possibilities to improving our life
IoT traffics from a particular domain may traverse through multiple autonomous system (AS) before reaching their destinations, which can be subject to the policies of several different Internet Service Provider (ISP)
The IoT traffics from a particular domain to other domains will most likely go through root software-defined networking (SDN) switches in the process, especially if the domains are separated across far distance
Summary
The Internet of Things (IoT) has opened vast possibilities to improving our life. The computation is shifted to a central server that resides in the Cloud, which holds enough processing power to process the IoT data This processing workflow requires the IoT devices to give up their sensing data to the. Following the quest to develop a decentralized architecture for IoT, we propose a decentralization strategy throughout three spheres of computing, storage, and networking in this paper. We believe that they are all intertwined in the general-level of IoT workflows. The goal and contribution of this paper are to introduce a possible decentralized architecture for IoT using the building blocks from our previous literature survey They are mostly a combination of blockchain, distributed storage, and software-defined networking (SDN).
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