Abstract
Peace is an ancient but ever recurring issue since its lack is harmful to human beings. Marsilius of Padua (1280-1342), physician and philosopher, published his Defensor Pacis in 1324. Defender of Peace is one of the most important and controversial writings on medieval political thought. The philosopher's political theory aims at fomenting peace, synonymous to civil tranquility, which exists only in a rationally organized city. Reworking Aristotle's reflections, Marsilius describes the city as a living being or organism. Since all integrating members of a living organism work towards the body's health, the city's integrating segments should be organized to produce tranquility to its inhabitants. Peace in a rationally conceived and organized city is its most important asset. Peace is the complete cause of beauty, arts and science, and people should be educated towards its achievement.
Highlights
A paz é um desejo e uma necessidade dos indivíduos e dos grupos que querem não somente viver, mas viver bem
Por paz externa entendemos a ausência ou cessação de conflito externo, o conflito entre indivíduos ou grupos diversos
Quanto à vida eterna, a totalidade dos filósofos não pode comprovar a sua existência, visto a mesma não pertencer ao âmbito das realidades evidentes, e por tal razão não tiveram a preocupação de ensinar o que é preciso fazer para obtê-la20 (MARSILIUS VON PADUA, Defensor Pacis, I, 4, 3)
Summary
A paz é um desejo e uma necessidade dos indivíduos e dos grupos que querem não somente viver, mas viver bem. [...] A paz que deve existir numa cidade concebida e organizada racionalmente é a sua maior riqueza (MARSILIUS VON PADUA, Defensor Pacis, I, 2)2.
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