A Computer Model for Predicting Ammonia Release Rates from Swine Manure Pits

Abstract

This paper presents a computer model for predicting ammonia release rates from manure pits in swine buildings. The model couples ammonia diffusion and generation in the manure with ammonia release from the manure surface. Ammonia release rates and concentration profiles in the manure are computed over a storage period for given pit designs, manure properties, and pit environmental conditions. As an example, computer simulations were performed for a pit designed with a final manure depth of 1·0 m in finishing swine buildings, operated at 1·8% initial total solids content in the manure, two temperatures (20 and 30°C), and three velocities 2 cm above the manure surface (0, 0·2 and 0·5 ms -1). The results show that air velocity and manure temperature have significant effects on ammonia release rates. Lower layers of manure in the pit have lower pH, higher ammoniacal nitrogen, and higher nutrients than the higher layers.