Abstract
The computational model of thrombosis is of great importance that decides the simulation performance. In the present study, a hybrid particle-continuum model with plasma, vascular wall, and thrombus being continuum material and platelets being discrete particles, was developed to simulate the thrombus growth. In the computational model, the thrombus growth was reformulated as a novel continuum surface expansion problem implemented by a level set function due to its capability of effectively handling the topological changes comprising splitting and merging, rather than a traditional particle accumulation problem. Additionally, a Gaussian-based function and distance regularization function, served as speed functions to drive the thrombus growth, were proposed and compared in our study. Experiments demonstrated that the growing thrombus could retain the particle texture of platelets by both level set speed functions, while the distance regularization function performed better in improving computational complexity and surface tracking behaviors. Both simulations demonstrated better visuality in the progress of thrombosis, and the geometry shape of the virtual primary thrombi were similar to the realistic counterpart.
Highlights
T HE mechanism of blood coagulation plays an important role in the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, but abnormality in hemostasis could result in thrombosis and put human health in peril [1]
NUMERICAL SIMULATION RESULTS In the numerical simulations, the feasibility and performance of the proposed Gaussian-based function and distance regularization function were validated, followed by comparison of the thrombosis simulations derived by different computational models (Fig.8-10)
A hybrid particle-continuum computational model of primary thrombus formation was proposed in our study
Summary
T HE mechanism of blood coagulation plays an important role in the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, but abnormality in hemostasis could result in thrombosis and put human health in peril [1]. The role of platelets in the cell-matrix and cellcell interactions of atherothrombosis [3], [4], the promoting effect of plasma tissue factors (TF) [5] and the inhibiting effect of tissue factor pathway inhibitor [6] have all been observed by experiments It is an important research trend of blood coagulation that the influences of vascular geometric shape, blood flow and TF diffusion are taken into account [7]. The artery thrombosis with vascular stenosis have been studied through clinical researches [8], [9], animal experiments [10], [11], microfluidic devices [11], [12], and mathematical models [13] Those studies demonstrate that the pathological vessel geometries can lead to extreme blood flows and are risk factors for thrombosis
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