Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a coronavirus pathogen of the pig intestinal tract, can cause fatal watery diarrhea in piglets, thereby causing huge economic losses to swine industries around the world. The pathogenesis of PEDV has intensively been studied; however, the viral proteins of PEDV and the host factors in target cells, as well as their interactions, which are the foundation of the molecular mechanisms of viral infection, remain to be summarized and updated. PEDV has multiple important structural and functional proteins, which play various roles in the process of virus infection. Among them, the S and N proteins play vital roles in biological processes related to PEDV survival via interacting with the host cell proteins. Meanwhile, a number of host factors including receptors are required for the infection of PEDV via interacting with the viral proteins, thereby affecting the reproduction of PEDV and contributing to its life cycle. In this review, we provide an updated understanding of viral proteins and host factors, as well as their interactions in terms of PEDV infection. Additionally, the effects of cellular factors, events, and signaling pathways on PEDV infection are also discussed. Thus, these comprehensive and profound insights should facilitate for the further investigations, control, and prevention of PEDV infection.
Highlights
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an acute and highly contagious intestinal infectious disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) (Sergeev, 2009)
We firstly characterized PEDV viral proteins and host factors documented in the literatures, followed by the discussion of cellular events or signaling pathways involved during the viral pathogenesis, as well as the interactions among them; we suggest the directions for future efforts
It becomes evident that the receptor binding capability and the role in viral entry allow the S protein to determine PEDV invasion and release, tissue tropism, host range, and crossspecies transmission, even to affect trypsin-dependent PEDV proliferation (Wicht et al, 2014; Li et al, 2015; Liu C. et al, 2016). These findings demonstrate the multiple roles of the S protein in the PEDV infection, which should be the research emphasis on the relationship of this viral protein’s structure and functions
Summary
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an acute and highly contagious intestinal infectious disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) (Sergeev, 2009). PEDV can cause morbidity in all age groups of pigs, with that in piglets being the highest. It is characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration of piglets, with a mortality rate even reaching to 100% (Hou et al, 2007). Similar to other coronaviruses (CoVs) (Weiss and NavasMartin, 2005), the infection or replication processes of PEDV consist of several major steps, such as attachment and entry, viral replication enzyme translation, genome transcription and replication, structural protein translation, and virion assembly and release. We firstly characterized PEDV viral proteins and host factors documented in the literatures, followed by the discussion of cellular events or signaling pathways involved during the viral pathogenesis, as well as the interactions among them; we suggest the directions for future efforts
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