A comprehensive survey on the application of blockchain/hash chain technologies in V2X communications

Abstract

The Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology and protocols are the main cornerstones for advanced transportation and autonomous vehicle applications. V2X has several subsets, including Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication contexts. The main benefit of applying V2X technologies is increased safety by facilitating predicted warnings supporting automated driving and traffic applications. Wirelessly transmitted messages are the information sources; therefore, security is critical in V2X systems. The V2X exchanged messages are sent wirelessly and must fulfill the security requirements, such as integrity, authenticity, and privacy support. The messaging between vehicles and networks must be trusted. Lately, promising and proliferating blockchain/hash chain technologies have been introduced in V2X communications and cope with the cooperative vehicular applications security and related efficiency aspects. This paper provides a comprehensive survey about the V2X use-cases based blockchain/hash chain and introduces the available solutions and methods in this domain.