Abstract
This two-part paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey on how emerging technologies, e.g., wireless and networking, artificial intelligence (AI) can enable, encourage, and even enforce social distancing practice. In Part I, an extensive background of social distancing is provided, and enabling wireless technologies are thoroughly surveyed. In this Part II, emerging technologies such as machine learning, computer vision, thermal, ultrasound, etc., are introduced. These technologies open many new solutions and directions to deal with problems in social distancing, e.g., symptom prediction, detection and monitoring quarantined people, and contact tracing. Finally, we discuss open issues and challenges (e.g., privacy-preserving, scheduling, and incentive mechanisms) in implementing social distancing in practice. As an example, instead of reacting with ad-hoc responses to COVID-19-like pandemics in the future, smart infrastructures (e.g., next-generation wireless systems like 6G, smart home/building, smart city, intelligent transportation systems) should incorporate a pandemic mode in their standard architectures/designs.
Highlights
In the presence of contagious diseases such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing is an effective nonpharmaceutical approach to limit the disease transmission.The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Derek Abbott .By reducing the frequency and closeness of human physical contacts, social distancing can lower the probability of the disease transmission from an infected person to a healthy one, thereby significantly limiting the disease’s spread and severity
In Part I [1], we provide a comprehensive background on social distancing and how wireless technologies can be leveraged to enable, encourage, and enforce proper social distancing implementation
Social distancing has been considered to be a crucial measure to prevent the spread of contagious diseases such as COVID-19
Summary
In the presence of contagious diseases such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing is an effective nonpharmaceutical approach to limit the disease transmission. The implementation of such aggressive and large-scale measures is facing significant challenges such as negative economic impacts, personal rights violation, difficulties in changing people’s behavior, and the difficulties arisen when there are many people staying at home In such context, emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) can play a key role in addressing those challenges. In Part I [1], we provide a comprehensive background on social distancing and how wireless technologies can be leveraged to enable, encourage, and enforce proper social distancing implementation In this Part II, we discuss various emerging technologies, e.g., AI, thermal, computer vision, ultrasound, and visible light, which have been introduced recently in order to address many new issues related to social distancing, e.g., contact tracing, quarantined people detection and monitoring, and symptom prediction.
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