A comprehensive study on the synthesis and characterization of eco-cementitious binders using different kind of industrial wastes for sustainable development

Abstract

As it is known that with the urbanization, the demand for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is also increasing. Every year a huge quantity of raw materials are consumed in the manufacturing of cement, which are non-renewable resources such as limestone (70–80%). Almost half of CO2 release from combustion of limestone at high temperature. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to achieve sustainability and reduced CO2 emission during cement clinker synthesis. This can be achieved by using supplementary fuel to heat the kiln and supplementary raw material instead of natural resources like limestone, sand, clay and iron slag etc. The principal chemical composition of some industrial waste is SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO and Al2O3, which are also major chemical compounds of commercial raw material in cement manufacturing. Therefore, in various literature; the eco-cement clinker was synthesized using minimum natural resources and maximum industrial wastes such as dry sewage sludge, iorn ore tailing, red mud, steel slag, fly ash, ceramic waste etc. As a replacement for commercial raw material. The physio-mechanical properties of the developed eco-cement clinkers were being analyzed followed by isothermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscope, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and then compared with reference cement clinker. Almost all major phases viz.- C3S (Alite), C2S (Belite), C3A (Aluminate) and C4AF (Ferrite), were detected in all eco-cement clinkers. Apart from the literature studies; the ongoing work at Author's Institute, regarding the development of low energy cement clinker is also being presented. In last, on the basis of various research studies, current challenges for utilization of industrial wastes have been examined along with future scope.