Abstract
In this work, the tensile, compressive, and flexural properties of three types of 3D woven composites were studied in three directions. To make an accurate comparison, three 3D woven composites are made to have the same fiber volume content by controlling the weaving parameters of 3D fabric. The results show that the 3D orthogonal woven composite (3DOWC) has better overall mechanical properties than those of the 3D shallow straight-joint woven composite (3DSSWC) and 3D shallow bend-joint woven composite (3DSBWC) in the warp direction, including tension, compression, and flexural strength. Interestingly their mechanical properties in the weft direction are about the same. In the through-thickness direction, however, the tensile and flexural strength of 3DOWC is about the same as 3DSBW, both higher than that of 3DSSWC. The compressive strength, on the other hand, is mainly dependent on the number of weft yarns in the through-thickness direction.
Highlights
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites have been used successfully in aircraft, rails, automotive, water vehicles, and sports devices [1]
For 3D woven fabrics, various complex structures are prepared through changing yarn interlace patterns, which makes the analytical or numerical prediction of their mechanical behavior significantly more complicated than usual 2D laminate [10,11]
From Equations (5)–(7), the fiber volume was determined by warp and weft yarn density, together theFraction number of layers of the fabric as well as the fabric thickness
Summary
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites have been used successfully in aircraft, rails, automotive, water vehicles, and sports devices [1]. In these applications, 2D laminates were used primarily due to their outstanding in-plane performance, higher stiffness-or strength-to-weight ratio, and fabrication convenience. Because of the lacking of reinforcements in the through-thickness direction, the out-plane mechanical properties are resin dominated and often lower than those of in-plane, limiting their use in many structural applications where complex loadings are present. For 3D woven fabrics, various complex structures are prepared through changing yarn interlace patterns, which makes the analytical or numerical prediction of their mechanical behavior significantly more complicated than usual 2D laminate [10,11]. There is an apparent need to obtain experimental data from which theoretical models can be built to evaluate and predict important mechanical properties so as to serve as a guide for structural selection and design
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