Abstract
The New Urban Agenda (Agenda 2030) adopted at the United Nations Conference related to Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) in the year 2016 has the goal of prompting cities to achieve the identified Sustainable Development Goals by the year 2030. In this context, cities can experiment strategies of circular economy for the optimization of resources, waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. The data generated by the components of an Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem can contribute in two relevant ways to a smart city model: (1) by the generation of a circular economy and (2) by the creation of intelligence to improve the decision-making processes by citizens or city managers. In this context, it is in our interest to understand the most relevant axes of the research related to IoT, particularly those based on the LoRa technology. LoRa has attracted the interest of researchers because it is an open standard and contributes to the development of sustainable smart cities, since they are linked to the concepts of a circular economy. Additionally, the intention of this work is to identify the technological or practical barriers that hamper the development of solutions, find possible future trends that could exist in the context of smart cities and IoT, and understand how they could be exploited by the industry and academy.
Highlights
The New Urban Agenda (Agenda 2030) adopted at the United Nations Conference related to Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) in the year 2016, has the goal of prompting cities to archive the identified Sustainable Development Goals by the year 2030
We identified a small minority of works including decision support systems (DSS); we found that descriptive analysis was most commonly used; only a reduced number of works considered prescriptive analysis
On the basis of the results obtained from (1) the analysis of the three hypotheses, (2) the contribution of the proposals to the four aspects of a circular economy and to the aspects identified in the subsections social, research, and industrial contributions, and (3) the SWOT analysis, we present the following possible academic and industrial impacts and future trends related to IoT–LoRa to build a smart city based on circular economy
Summary
The New Urban Agenda (Agenda 2030) adopted at the United Nations Conference related to Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) in the year 2016, has the goal of prompting cities to archive the identified Sustainable Development Goals by the year 2030. Projections indicate that 80% of the global energy will be consumed in cities in 2030 [7], and about $7 trillion will be invested by 2050 in the automobile sector, especially in self-driving cars [8]. In this situation, the adoption of smart cities models to make cities more sustainable, competitive, socially cohesive, and safe has become an indispensable task [9]. Smart city models are based on the idea of sustainable development considering people as the central axis They has six pillars: governance, economy, living, environment, people, and mobility [10]
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