Abstract
Smart cities exploit emerging technologies such as Big Data, the Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance public services management. The use of IoT allows detecting and reporting specific parameters related to different domains of the city, such as health, waste management, agriculture, transportation, and energy. LoRa technologies, for instance, are used to develop IoT solutions for several smart city domains thanks to its available features, but sometimes people (i.e., citizens, information technology administrators, or city managers) might think that these available features involve cybersecurity risks. This study explores the cybersecurity aspects that define an assessment model of cybersecurity maturity of IoT solutions to develop smart city applications. In that sense, we perform a systematic literature review based on a top-down approach of cybersecurity incident response in IoT ecosystems. Besides, we propose and validate a model based on risk levels to evaluate the IoT cybersecurity maturity in a smart city.
Highlights
The cities try to maintain their sustainability and resilience capabilities in front of social, environmental, technological, and economic changes inherent to human evolution
Technologies such as smart grids, biometrics, smartphones, and M2M communications present security issues. These technologies are often used in Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems; IoT is one of the essential technologies in the development of smart cities; its importance lies in its accelerated growth and its applicability in different smart city domains to implement smart infrastructures [80]
To establish a relative security measurement model based on the attack surface in a smart city, we propose the following four steps: 1) Establish an attack surface formed by the set of elements that make up the system; 2) Identify the set of attack vectors that can allow the attack to that surface; 3) Establish a strategy to reduce the attack surface; 4) Evaluate relative security by establishing security improvements by reducing the attack surface
Summary
The cities try to maintain their sustainability and resilience capabilities in front of social, environmental, technological, and economic changes inherent to human evolution. To resolve the problems associated with urbanization, the cities should incorporate smart solutions that involve human capital, creativity, and collaboration with various stakeholders [1]. For this reason, several cities in the world have adopted the development an urban planning model called smart city based on the digitization of services, automation of processes, and data-based decision making [2]. The smart city model includes a sensing layer and data analytics processes to understand in real-time the patterns of the city services in different areas such as health, energy, transport, waste management, and environment. The development of smart cities has been supported by the evolution
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