A comprehensive study of potential Arthrospira platensis cultivated in various manure‐based media for biodiesel feedstock

The purpose of this study is to determine the chemical characteristics of the liquid organic fertilizer from several types of animal manures. The research had been conducted in the experimental garden site of Department of Food Crops and Horticulture, Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic. The research was designed using a simple statistical l with 7 treatments which were liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) made from cow manure; LOF made from chicken manure; LOF made from goat manure; LOF made from goat and cow manure; LOF made from chicken and cow manure; LOF made from chicken and goat manure; and LOF made from goat, cow and chicken manure. The observed parameters were C/N, pH, macro nutrient and micro nutrient contents. The results showed that the liquid organic fertilizer made from manure of cow, chicken, goat, and its combination of these materials can be applied to cultivation plants but have not met the minimum technical requirements of organic liquid fertilizer (Minister of Agriculture Regulation No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011). The best result was showed by the LOF made from chicken manure with pH 7.32 , N 1619.68 ppm , 541.44 ppm P, K 4000.00 me/100g , Zn 14.43 me/100g , Cu 4.33 me/100g. The highest C/N was found in LOF made from goat and cow manure which was 0.66. The highest Mg was in the LOF made from cow, goat and chicken manure for 723.10 me/100g. The highest Ca was in LOF made from goat manure. The highest S was in the LOF made from goat and cow manure for 749.95 me/100g while the Fe and Mn were highest found in the LOF made from cow manure which was equal to 84.02 ppm and 23.05 me/100g.  Keywords : LOF, Fertilizers, Characteristic, Animal manure .

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate the nematicidal activity of animal manures viz. chicken and goat manures, biopesticides viz. bio-zeid and nemex against Meloidogyne incognita infecting three cucurbits compared with oxamyl. Cucurbit plants namely cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cv. Biet Alpha, squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) cv. Escandrany and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cvs. Master and.Mlokywere chosen for this study. Results indicated that of five tested materials, oxamyl, chicken and goat manures were the most effective in suppressing root galling and number of egg masses of M.incognita infecting cucurbit plants. Oxamyl (69.22%), chicken (60.98%) and goat (56.60 %) manures showed better performance in reducing root galling on cucumber than did on squash. Among the two cultivars of watermelon, the effectiveness of oxamyl (70.75), chicken (52.29) and goat (49.22%) manures were more pronounced on Master than on Mloky cultivar with root galling reached 50.74, 28.36 and 23.88% respectively. On the other hand, all treatments showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvement in cucurbits to certain extent. The maximum percentage of increase in shoot fresh weight was recorded on cucumber (93.30; 74.76%) and watermelon cv. Mloky (92.74; 76.81%) in pots receiving oxamyl and chicken manure, respectively. In general, number of galls showing fewer and smaller gall diameter (˂ 2 mm ) was significantly decreased by oxamyl, chicken and goat manures in the three plant species. Our results showed that chicken and goat manures could be used to increase crop yield of cucurbit plants and for controlling root-knot nematode, M.incognita .

South Kalimantan has a large dry land. It is classified as acidic and has the potential for agricultural cultivation, especially food and horticulture crops. However, the problem with its use as agricultural land is the low level of soil fertility. This is evidenced in its low content of soil organic matter, acidic soil pH, low soil CEC, low soil exchange bases, high Al and Fe content. This study aims to improve soil chemical properties in acid dry land by the application of livestock manure and edamame harvest waste (EHW). It was compiled using a Nested Factorial Randomized Block Design, where the edamame harvest waste was nested in livestock manure. The treatment level of the first factor was chicken, cow, and goat manure, while the second was 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% EHW. The results showed that the treatment of 100% chicken manure + 0% EHW increased soil pH by 9% compared to 25% chicken manure + 75% EHW. Furthermore, treatment of 100% goat manure + 0% EHW increased soil pH compared to 50% goat manure + 50% EHW and 25% goat manure + 75% EHW by 11.69% and 14.28%, respectively. The treatment of 100% chicken manure increased soil organic C by 38.16% compared to 25% chicken manure + 75% EHW. Meanwhile, the treatment of 100% goat manure increased soil organic C compared to 50% goat manure + 50% EHW and 25% goat manure + 75% EHW by 36.23% and 55.83%, respectively.

Tubifex sp. is a natural food that fish larvae really like because it contains nutrients that are beneficial for fish growth. Tubifex sp. Generally found in shallow waters of low-flow rivers and to protect the source of Tubifex sp. As a natural food for fish larvae, cultivation must be done by adding nutrients to their food. The aim of this research was to determine the population density of Tubifex sp. by using various types of manure with a recirculation system. This research is an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment media used were chicken manure (P1), goat manure (P2), cow manure (P3), and chicken, goat and cow manure (P4). The calculation data was tabulated and analyzed using the SPSS program. Parametric data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence value of 95%. If there are differences between treatments, a BNT (Least Significant Difference) test will be carried out. Population density of Tubifex sp. for 30 days, the best was treatment P2 (77063 birds) by giving a mixture of 500 gr of goat manure with 500 grams of organic mud soil, followed by treatment P1 (19564 individuals) with a mixture of 500 grams of chicken manure and organic mud soil. 1500 gr, then followed by treatment P4 (15445 heads) with a mixture of chicken manure, goat manure, cow manure 166.6 gr 500 gr of cow and 1500 gr of organic mud.

In Indonesia, vegetable farmers use manure to increase production. In fact, one of the sources of heavy metal pollution on agricultural land is the use of manure. This study, therefore, aims to determine the content of heavy metals in the leaves of Crassocephalum crepidioides, due to fertilization, involving the use of several types of manure. Furthermore, it is possible to apply the results in the establishment of dose limiting policies for vegetable crops, in an attempt to prevent dangers to the consumer. The tested sources consisted of chicken, goat, and cow manure, as well as a control (without manure), and each was applied at a dose of 20 tons/Ha. Meanwhile, the third leaf of the upper part of the plant was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), to determine Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd. The results showed the leaves of Crassocephalum crepidioides fertilized with 20 tons/Ha of chicken manure, goat manure and cattle manure had low heavy metal (below the set threshold of 50, 100-400, and 5-30 ppm for Pb, Zn and Cd, respectively). However, at a dose of 20 tons/Ha, the leaves pastored with goat and cow manure had a high content of Cu (209.78 and 530.90 ppm) than control and chicken manure (67,92 and 92,68 ppm), which are higher than the established threshold. Meanwhile, those fertilized with chicken compost, had better area and plant height value, compared to the goat and cow sources.

Biophysical Monitoring on the Effect on Different Composition of Goat and Cow Manure on the Growth Response of Maize to Support Sustainability

In order to realize food self-sufficiency, it is necessary to develop food alternatives other than rice, black potato plants are suitable as an alternative to be developed. Black potatoes have a high carbohydrate content, besides that they contain calcium, iron, and phosphorus. This study aims to determine the fermentation treatment of cow, goat, and chicken manure on black potato yields. This study used a factorial RAK (Randomized Block Design) with 3 factors and 3 replications. Factors for giving cow manure (S), goat manure (K), and chicken manure (A), each with 3 levels, namely 5 kg/plot, 10 kg/plot, and 15 kg/plot (S1, S2 , S3, K1, K2, K3, A1, A2, A3), negative control and NPK. The variable observed was yield, including: number of tubers, tuber weight, and black potato tuber diameter. The results showed that there was an effect of fermenting manure on black potato yields for 90 HST. Application of chicken manure with a concentration of 15 kg/plot gave better results in fermenting cow and goat manure. The number of tubers was 62 tubers, the tuber weight was 260 grams, and the tuber diameter was 2.12 mm.

The quality of vermicompost depends on the source of earthworms feed such as animal waste (cows, buffaloes, chickens, and goats). The aim of the study was to obtain high quality vermicompost and to determine the parameters of vermicompost in accordance with the compost quality standard from SNI 19-7030-2004. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the treatment of types animal manures: consisted of cow, buffalo, chicken, and goat manures with 6 replications, so there were 24 experimental units. The results showed that the 9 parameters of vermicompost tested complied to the quality criteria of compost from SNI 19-7030-2004. The significant finding of this study was the weight of the remaining earthworms decreased from 12 g at initial weight to 2.42 g for cow dung, 2.38 g for buffalo dung, 1.62 g for chicken manure and 0,63 g for goat dung after harvesting the vermicompost. The highest quality of vermicompost according to the criteria of SNI 19-7030-2004 was cow dung, followed by buffalo dung, goat dung, and chicken manure. According statistical analysis showed that pH (H2O,1:5 w/v) is 8.90 (highest) for chicken manure, 8.60 (medium) for cow dung as well as 8.46 (medium) for goat dung, and 7.90 (low) for buffalo dung. Water content are not significant for all sources of vermicompost which is 50% more. Temperatures of vermicompost from goat dung (28.70°C) and chicken manure (28.29°C) are significant significantly higher than cow dung (27.68°C), and buffalo dung (27.89°C). Organic C content, total N content, and C/N ratio of vermicompost used descriptive analysis. Organic C content was highest in vermicompost derived from buffalo dung, followed by cow dung, chicken manure, and goat dung as well as total N content from goat dung, chicken manure, buffalo dung, and cow dung. Also C/N ratio from low to high are goat dung, chicken manure, cow dung, and buffalo dung.

Waste is a problem for residents, moreover, manure waste is a problem because it carries odors and there are many germs of disease. This waste is mainly found in farms and settlements that raise livestock. Various ways to reduce manure have been done, one of which is offered is to make manure as a BSF magot food. The aim of this research is to find out the capability of BSF magots in converting BSF. The research method used is the Black Soldier fly (BSF) which has hatched which is 5 days old, take and weigh 4 gm of less than 200 BSF, then put it in a plastic jar that contains feed consisting of: a. Rabbit manure, b goat manure, c. cow manure d. Chicken manure. From the results of observations, it turns out that in various treatments, both rabbit, goat and cow manure. Chicken manure is able to increase the weight and length of the BSF magot higher than the others. Chicken manure is thought to have a better protein and carbohydrate content, resulting in less mortality.

Comparison on batch anaerobic digestion of five different livestock manures and prediction of biochemical methane potential (BMP) using different statistical models

The high industrial demand for mint products, coupled with low domestic production, has led to a 63% import dependency. Enhancing mint production requires optimizing planting media and fertilization strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different soil-to-husk charcoal ratios and manure types on the growth and yield of mint (Mentha spicata L.). A factorial experiment was conducted from February to April 2022 at the Faculty of Agriculture, UNS, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors: The first factor was soil-to-husk charcoal ratios consisting of 1 to 3, 1 to 1, and 3 to 1. The second factor was the manure type, which consisted of cow, goat, and chicken manure. Each treatment was replicated four times. The results showed that the P1 combined with the cow manure significantly increased the number of branches compared to P1 with goat manure. P1 also resulted in the highest number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight. Cow manure yielded the highest values for leaf number, leaf area, and dry weight among manure treatments. These findings suggest that optimizing planting media composition and manure selection can enhance mint productivity, reducing reliance on imports.

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a large amount of palm oil industry waste and has the potential to be used as bokashi fertilizer with the addition of livestock manure to enrich its nutrient content. This study aims to determine the chemical quality of OPEFB bokashi by adding each chicken, cow, and goat manure based on the quality standards of organic fertilizer INS-19-7030-2004. The research was conducted from June to August 2022 in Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan, and the Soil Laboratory of the Department of Soils, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. This study used a quantitative method (nutrient analysis in the laboratory). The following treatments were used: K0 = OPEFB without adding livestock manure, K1 = OPEFB with adding chicken manure, K2 = OPEFB with adding cow manure, and K3 = OPEFB with the addition of goat manure. The results showed that treatment K1 (bokashi OPEFB with chicken manure) had better chemical quality than treatments K0, K2, and K3, namely parameters organic C (13,72%), total N (0.92%), C/N ratio (14.91%), total P (1.00%), total K (0.60%), total Ca (6.56%), and total Fe (0.02%). However, the total Mg parameter in the K1 treatment was 1.36% above the maximum SNI limit, and the pH parameters in all treatments (K0 4.91, K1 5.89, K2 4.59, and K3 5.05) were not in accordance with SNI-19-7030-2004.

The forest plantations depends on appropriate initial seedling establishment, which occurs when primary factors (water, light, CO2 and nutrients) are within appropriate ranges. The purpose this study was to evaluate the growth of young parica plants (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke) grown in different organic substrates (chicken manure, goat manure and organic matter) in proportions of 5, 10, 15 and 20% in yellow argisol. Among the studied treatments, the best response in plant height growth was observed in T2 (5% goat manure in yellow argisol). For the mean diameter, it was observed that T4 (15% goat manure in yellow argisol) allowed greater of growth parica seedlings. In addition, for the quality parameters: ratio of shoot height and root collar diameter (H/RCD), heigh and dry mass air part relation (H/DMAP) and Dickson Quality Index (DQI), the best values were for seedlings cultivated with goat manure, in relation to the other treatments. Therefore, young parica plants grown on substrates with goat and chicken manure showed significant improvements in growth performance, according to fundamentally chemical characteristics of these substrates. Key words: Chicken manure, goat manure, organic matter, seedling production.

Anaerobic digestion of food waste alone is not very stable due to its acidic nature and high biodegradability. Co-digestion of food waste with alkaline substrate such as chicken manure and goat manure could enhance process stability and biogas yield. In this study comparison of mono digestion of food waste with 8% total solid content at an ambient temperature and co-digestion of food waste, goat and chicken manure at ratio 5:2:3 and 2:1:1 with 8% total solid content at an ambient temperature in hilly region of Nepal were carried out. Biogas yield was highest with mixing ratio of 5:2:3 with the values of 109 ml/gVS followed by mixing ratio of 2:1:1 with the values of 80 ml/gVS. Mono digestion of food waste was not stable and broke down after two weeks of operation. Findings from this study suggests that co-digestion could be a suitable method for addressing the problem related to stability in a single substrate digestion in an ambient temperature condition. Moreover, mixing ratio of co-digestion substrates is important for improved biogas production. Co-digestion of food waste with goat and chicken manure could be a practical approach for sustainable clean energy production and waste management in context of Nepal.

This research aimed to determine the effects of cow and goat manure and mycorrhiza on phosphorus uptake and the yield of maize in the first year during conversion from conventional to organic farming systems. The experimental design used a completely randomized block design with three replications. The experimental treatment consisted of three factors: treatment with or without mycorrhiza (at a dosage of 7 g/plant); addition of goat or cow manure; and the dosage of manure (0, 5, or 10 t · ha−1). Total soil P content was analyzed by a wet digestion method with nitric acid and acid perchlorate, and total plant tissue P was analyzed by a wet digestion method with sulfuric acid and peroxide acid. The results of the research showed that cow and goat manure at doses of both 5 t · ha−1 and 10 t · ha−1 plus addition of mycorrhiza significantly increased the chemical properties of the soil such as actual pH, potential pH, available soil P, total soil P, and maize tissue P in the vegetative phase.