A Comprehensive Review on Treatment Modalities of Malignant Melanoma

Abstract

Melanoma is an aggressive tumor that exhibits an increased occurrence and poor prognosis if metastasized. Early diagnosis and effective management are the mainstays for melanoma management. Effective management includes the selection of an effective treatment plan, supportive care, and training of patients for early diagnosis; various diagnostic options are available i.e. biopsy assessment, imaging procedures, and different biomarkers like liquid biopsy, various proteins, and polymorphism. As for the biomarkers, assessment of circulating tumor cells, microRNAs (miRNAs), and cell-free DNAs and RNAs are effectively used in the diagnosis of melanoma cases; the dysfunction of these molecules gives rise to the pathogenesis of melanoma. Many treatment modalities could be used potentially for melanoma management i.e. radiation therapy, surgery, systemic therapy, immunotherapy, and antibodies therapy. Proper care and training for melanoma patients contribute to enhance monitoring of the cases, in response to different treatment modalities. In this review, we have summarized details about malignant melanoma, keeping in view its epidemiology, classification, diagnosis, and various treatment modalities.