A Comprehensive Review on the Impact of Edible Coatings, Essential Oils, and Their Nano Formulations on Postharvest Decay Anthracnose of Avocados, Mangoes, and Papayas.

Dharini Sivakumar,Nurdan Tuna Gunes,Gianfranco Romanazzi

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.711092

Abstract

Subtropical fruit such as avocados (Persea americana), mangoes (Mangifera indica L.), and papayas (Carica papaya L.) are economically important in international trade and predominantly exported to European destinations. These fruits are highly consumed due to their health benefits. However, due to long-distance shipping and the time required to reach the retail department stores, postharvest losses, due to postharvest decay occurring during the supply chain, affect the fruit quality on arrival at the long-distance distribution points. Currently, the use of synthetic fungicide, Prochloraz®, is used at the packing line to reduce postharvest decay and retain the overall quality of mangoes and avocados. Due to the ban imposed on the use of synthetic fungicides on fresh fruit, several studies have focused on the development of alternative technologies to retain the overall quality during marketing. Among the developed alternative technologies for commercial adoption is the use of edible coatings, such as chitosan biocontrol agents and essential oil vapors. The objective of this review is to summarize and analyze the recent advances and trends in the use of these alternative postharvest treatments on anthracnose decay in avocados, mangoes, and papayas.

Highlights

Avocados are an economically important fruit crop in South Africa, Israel, the United States, Mexico, Peru, Chile, Kenya, and Australia
Considering the above, this review summarizes and analyzes the recent advances and trends in the use of these alternative postharvest treatments on the control of anthracnose caused by C. gloeosporioides in subtropical climacteric fruits during marketing based on published research articles from 2014 to date
Due to modification of the internal atmosphere causing the maintenance of a lower pH of the skin, which is unfavorable to C. gloeosporioides (Yakoby et al, 2000)

Summary

Introduction

Avocados are an economically important fruit crop in South Africa, Israel, the United States, Mexico, Peru, Chile, Kenya, and Australia. Papayas and mangoes from Latin American countries, especially from Brazil, are exported in large volumes to the EU. The demand for avocado fruit is rapidly increasing in the last few years due to its global recognition as a “superfruit,” based on nutritional facts and health benefits. The projection for the world avocado market by 2026 was to obtain an overall value of US$21.56 billion (Transparency Market Research Report, 2021). Consumption of avocados has increased in countries; the United States, and the EU and Latin American countries together totaled 1,323,000 tons in 2019 (Transparency Market Research Report, 2021). In 2019, the world export of papayas and mangoes was 2,575,002 and 364,030 tons, which fetched US$3,552,922 and US$295,628,000, respectively (FAOSTAT, 2021)

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