A comprehensive review on the determination of enzymatic assay and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities.

Zainol Haida,Mansor Hakiman

doi:10.1002/fsn3.1012

Abstract

This review article presents a comprehensive review pertaining to antioxidants and various assays that determined enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Antioxidants have gained attention at the global scale on its prominent beneficial roles that can fight against many chronic infirmities, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have investigated different types of samples, such as medicinal plants, fruits, and vegetables, by using various antioxidant assays. Antioxidants can be grouped into enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. To date, most studies had looked into nonenzymatic antioxidants due to lack of references on enzymatic antioxidant assays. Therefore, this review article depicts on seven assays of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbate oxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and fifteen activities of nonenzymatic antioxidants (total polyphenol, total phenolic acids, total flavonoids, total ascorbic acid, anthocyanin content, DPPH scavenging activity, FRAP assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, phosphomolybdate assay, reducing power, metal ion chelating activity, and β‐carotene), which are described in detail to ease further investigations on antioxidants in future.

Highlights

It is a fact that human exposure to vast chronic ailments has never been higher than this present age
This paper presents a review pertaining to the common techniques employed to analyze both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants
200 μl of sample extract is added with 3 ml of Ferric reducing‐antioxidant power (FRAP) reagent that is prepared with a mixture of 300 mM of sodium acetate buffer, 10 mM of 2,4,6‐tri(2pyridyl)‐s‐triazine (TPTZ) solution, and 20 mM of FeCl.6H2O at the ratio 10:1:1

Summary

Introduction

It is a fact that human exposure to vast chronic ailments has never been higher than this present age. One milliliter of reaction mixture containing 50 mM of potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and 250 μl of enzyme extract is initiated by adding 60 mM of hydrogen peroxide. The final reaction mixture (3 ml) in the test tube consists of 10 mM of potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 8 mM of guaiacol, and 100 μl of enzyme extract, in which 2.75 mM of hydrogen peroxide is added to initiate the reaction.

Results

Conclusion