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Abstract
Recently, the operation of distribution systems does not depend on the state or utility based on centralized procedures, but rather the decentralization of the decisions of the distribution companies whose objectives are the efficiency of interconnectivity. Therefore, distribution companies are exposed to greater risks, and due to this, the need to make decisions based on increasingly reliable models has grown up considerably. Therefore, we present a survey of key aspects, technologies, protocols, and case studies of the current and future trend of Smart Grids. This work proposes a taxonomy of a large number of technologies in Smart Grids and their applications in scenarios of Smart Networks, Neural Networks, Blockchain, Industrial Internet of Things, or Software-Defined Networks. Therefore, this work summarizes the main features of 94 research articles ranging the last four years. We classify these survey, according Smart Grid Network Topologies, because it can group as the main axis the sensors applied to Smart Grids, as it shows us the interconnection forms generalization of the Smart Networks with respect to the sensors found in a home or industry.
Highlights
The transformation of the electrical energy system is taking place all over the world, moving from a conventional unidirectional structure to a more open one, configurable and participatory structure by consumers and other actors in the sector
We consider that the first classification, Smart Grid Network Topology, can group as the main axis the sensors applied to Smart Networks, as it shows us that the interconnection forms generalization of the Smart Networks with respect to the sensors found in a home or industry
A taxonomy of nine classifications about current Smart Grid algorithms was built, showing effectively the energy requirements of both consumers and distribution companies. This helps all the factors involved in the administration and distribution of electrical energy to reduce the gap between demand and supply
Summary
The transformation of the electrical energy system is taking place all over the world, moving from a conventional unidirectional structure to a more open one, configurable and participatory structure by consumers and other actors in the sector. Network or Smart Grid is a network that intelligently integrates new technologies to improve the monitoring and control of the operation of electrical systems; in generation, distribution, in addition to being able to incorporate the users’ actions connected to it. These networks are characterized by implementing, within the system, innovative equipment and services, new communication, control, monitoring, and selfdiagnosis technologies [7]. In the particular case of Mexico’s electricity system, it presents better characteristics than those of most of the region It is far below what could be considered optimal operation, mainly in terms of electrical losses, integration rate of renewable energies, efficiency of resource management, and quality of provided services.
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