Abstract
The degradation and pollution of soil remain a significant environmental problem and its recovery is a worldwide concern. Global soil degradation has a serious adverse impact on food security, agricultural production, and human well-being; therefore, it requires immediate attention. This global problem is further exacerbated by the poisoning of soil with heavy metals, pesticides and persistent organic contaminants. The bioaccumulation of these pollutants in the soil increases the danger of food chain contamination. The need to produce more food and prevent further soil erosion severely hamper agricultural productivity. The revitalization of the contaminated soil resources could be feasible using nano-based soil remediation. Applications based on nanotechnology are inexpensive, easy to apply, and suggest more efficient treatment and remediation. The aims of this review to examine the potential of nano-based rehabilitation of soil polluted with pesticides, heavy metals and their residues as well as with persistent organic contaminants and to investigate how this technology can improve bioremediation and phytoremediation.
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