A comprehensive review on recent trends in carbon capture, utilization, and storage techniques

Abstract

This review highlights the latest trends in carbon capture, utilization, and storage techniques. The recent advances in the current carbon capture techniques, i.e., post-combustion carbon capture, pre-combustion carbon capture, and oxyfuel combustion systems, have been deliberated. Human exploitation of natural resources is leading to an immense rise in the concentration of greenhouse gas (GHG), i.e., primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This boosted quantity of CO2 by human intervention leads to increased global temperatures and climate change. Hence there is a crucial need for fixing CO2 to control global climate change and meet the pledges of the Paris Agreement. The global CO2 emission hit an all-time high in 2018, emitting 32.7 billion tons of CO2 into the atmosphere, whereas the current scenario for global CO2 utilization constitutes a tiny amount, i.e., 0.2 billion tons/year. Hence various CO2 utilization techniques, such as CO2 deployment in reforming techniques and its direct conversion into fuels, have been emphasized. Finally, the CO2 storage methods have been underlined, and the recent advancements along with the outlook in DAC technique have been discussed at the end. The DAC technique shows the most promise for future CO2 capture and utilization, pending resolution of initial investment and techno-economic feasibility challenges. However, it's important to note that no single technique is universally applicable, and governments worldwide must address specific ground-level issues for practical solutions.