Abstract
Context: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) is a popular medicinal plant. Its roots are used as the famous traditional Chinese medicine Huang-Qin, which is recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia, and British Pharmacopoeia.Objective: This review comprehensively summarizes research progress in phytochemistry, pharmacology, and flavonoid biosynthesis of S. baicalensis.Methods: English and Chinese literature from 1973 to March 2018 was collected from databases including Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, Elsevier, Baidu Scholar (Chinese), and CNKI (Chinese). Scutellaria baicalensis, chemical constituents, phytochemistry, biological activities, and biosynthesis were used as the key words.Results: A total of 126 small molecules (1–126) and 6 polysaccharides have been isolated from S. baicalensis. The small molecules can be classified into four structural types, namely, free flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, and other small molecules. Extracts of S. baicalensis and its major chemical constituents have been reported to possess anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. Key steps in the biosynthetic pathways of Scutellaria flavonoids have also been summarized.Conclusions: This article could be helpful for researchers who are interested in the chemical constituents, bioactivities, biosynthesis, and clinical applications of S. baicalensis.
Highlights
The roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are used in China as Huang-Qin (Scutellariae Radix), one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines (Figure 1)
Scutellaria baicalensis, chemical constituents, phytochemistry, biological activities, and biosynthesis were used as the key words
Similar research strategy could be applied to Huang-Qin to discover potential new drugs
Summary
The plants of genus Scutellaria L. (Lamiaceae) are perennial herbs with around 360 species in the world. (Lamiaceae) are perennial herbs with around 360 species in the world. Many of these species have medicinal uses (Cantor et al 2009; Shang et al 2010; Paton et al 2016). The roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are used in China as Huang-Qin (Scutellariae Radix), one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines (Figure 1). Scutellaria baicalensis is widely distributed in North China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and Russia (Zhao et al 2016a; Jiang et al 2017). It should be noted that the herb of an allied species, Scutellaria barbata D. Don, is used as the Chinese medicine Ban-Zhi-Lian
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