Abstract
Niosomes are a bilayered non-toxic, non-immunogenic nanoparticular delivery system; it is being used for drug delivery. Owing to its cost-effectiveness and easy manufacturing processing, niosomes are gaining popularity as a coveted drug carrier. Main constituents of a niosomes are cholesterol and a non-ionic surfactant, although several additives like charged molecule (Solulan C24) can be added to modify the surface charge of the particle and enhance its stability. There are various methods of manufacturing niosomes like hand shaking method, micro fluidization, sonication, bubble method to name a few. The fact that niosomes are amphiphillic molecules make them a versatile drug carrier as they can entrap both hydrophilic and lipophillic drugs. Applications of niosomes in the pharmaceutical industry therapeutic use, some of the most important ones being as cosmoceuticals, etc. In this review an effort has been made to document the key concepts relating to niosomes and the advances that have been made in terms of research in the field of niosomal drug delivery.
 Keywords: niosomes, nanoparticles, cholesterol, carrier, non-ionic, vesicles.
Highlights
Niosomes are vesicles, which serve as novel drug delivery systems
Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant based unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles depending on the methods of preparation
The niosomes are made of a surfactant bilayer with its hydrophilic ends exposed on the outside and inside of the vesicle while the hydrophobic chains face each other within the bilayer[1]
Summary
Niosomes are vesicles, which serve as novel drug delivery systems. Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant based unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles depending on the methods of preparation. Preparation Step: Step- 1 Cholesterol + surfactant dissolved in ether + chloroform Step- 2 Drug in aqueous phase is added to above mixture Step- 3 Sonicated at 5oc and again sonicated after adding PBS Step- 4 Viscous niosomes suspension is diluted with PBS Step- 5 Organic phase is removed at 40oC at low pressure Step- 6 Heated on a water bath for 60oC for 10 mints to yield niosomes[14]. Preparation Steps: Step- 1 Surfactant + cholesterol in chloroform Step- 2 Solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure Step- 3 Thin film is deposited on the walls of RBF Step- 4 Hydrated with citric acid (PH 4.0) by vortex mixing Step- 5 3 cycles of freezing and shared sonication Step- 6 Addition of aqueous drug solution and vortoxing Step- 7 pH raised to 7.0-7.2 by 1M disodium phosphate Step- 8 Mixture is heated at 60°C for 10 minutes to give niosomes.
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