Abstract
Since the smart grid deals with a large mass of data and critical missions, it requires ubiquitous, reliable, and real-time communication. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which has the potential of connecting all objects over the globe through the Internet, excels in providing robust information transmission infrastructure in the smart grid. There are a multitude of possible protocols, standards, and configurations for communication in the smart grid. A commonly applied communication standard IEC 61850 recommends the use of Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) protocol for communication in Local Area Network (LAN) and eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) in Wide Area Network (WAN). However, a plethora of research on this topic compares the behavior of other IoT protocols and standard recommendations in the smart grid. On the other hand, the sky-rocketing penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), especially in the form of micro grid, transformed the central control structure of the smart grid into a distributed style called Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). This new approach defined new communication requirements and more particular IoT protocol characteristic requirements. However, a limited number of the existing studies have considered IoT protocol characteristic requirements of the smart grid and its new control structures. In this paper, we initially investigate the communication requirements of the smart grid and introduce all IoT protocols and their specifications. We analyze IoT protocol characteristics and performances in the smart grid through literature review based on the smart grid communication requirements. In this approach, we highlight weak points of these practices making them fail to acquire the holistic guidelines in utilizing proper IoT protocol that can meet the smart grid environment interaction requirements. Using the existing facilities, the public Internet, we follow the arrangement of cost-effective high penetration communication requirements for new structures of the smart grid, i.e., the MAS and multi-micro grid. In this case, we consider IoT protocol Quality of Services (QoS) requirements, especially in the case of security and reliability, to satisfy stakeholders, namely utilities and prosumers. Addressing effective elements in applying IoT in the smart grid’s future trends is another contribution to this paper.
Highlights
During the recent era, many new concepts such as Renewable Energy Sources (RES), the smart grid, Energy Storage Systems (ESS), Electric Vehicles (EV), and the electricity market have been exposed to power electric networks [1].The necessity of monitoring and controlling power networks revolutionized the one-directional power grid to a bidirectional grid for both power and information flow called the smart grid [2,3,4].Growing electricity consumption and fossil-fuel burning drive ever-increasing global warming and environmental pollution, introducing RES as an emission-free and endless supply [5]
Internet of Things (IoT) protocol has the effective role in this real-time interaction
We provided an overview of existing works that mapped IEC 61850 onto different IoT protocols and compared their experience results
Summary
Many new concepts such as RES, the smart grid, Energy Storage Systems (ESS), Electric Vehicles (EV), and the electricity market have been exposed to power electric networks [1]. The second edition of the standard was published in 2007 since communication between substation to substation, and substation to control center were neglected in the previous edition This edition extended its scope to all power automation, including the micro grid, EVs, and distribution automation, and was not limited to substation automation as in the first edition. Since RES has slowly become dedicated elements of the power grid, IEC 61850-7-420 and IEC 61850-90-7, which specify information models for Distributed Energy Resources (DER), have been published as new parts of the standard [16,17]. In 2018, IEC 61850-8-2, a new mapping of information based on XMPP was published to support the integration of the smart grid and IoT, which requires communication in WAN [21]. The most prominent ones are Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), Open Platform Communications United Architecture (OPC UA), Data Distribution Services (DDS), Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT), Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), and Zero Message Queue (ZeroMQ), all of which can be investigated based on their features in the smart grid and their pros and cons to facilitate the smart grid application communication requirements
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
