Abstract
Nanomaterials offer unique properties that make them highly suitable for addressing water quality challenges. Understanding their characterization and synthesis is pivotal for optimizing their performance in water treatment applications. Various analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and surface area analysis are discussed for nanomaterial characterization. Additionally, synthesis methods including physical, chemical, and biological approaches are explored in detail, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The review also delves into the diverse applications of nanomaterials in water treatment, including pollutant removal, disinfection, and membrane filtration. Moreover, recent advancements and emerging trends in the field are examined to provide insights into future research directions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the characterization techniques, synthesis methods, and applications of nanomaterials in water treatment. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers involved in the development and implementation of nanomaterial-based water treatment technologies. Keywords: Nanomaterial, Characterization, Water treatment, Synthesis
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