A comprehensive review of the taxonomy, ecology and biology of the Smilax genus

Abstract

erennial plants belonging to the genus Smilax are found all over the world in tropical and subtropical areas. Smilax is one of the largest genera in the Smilacaceae family, including more than 300 species. Smilax species have carved a niche for themselves in a variety of environments, demonstrating their resilience and ecological relevance. These applications range from their distinctive morphological qualities to their commercial and medical uses. Certain Smilax plants have been discovered to have both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in their extracts. Several Smilax species have been used medicinally throughout history in a variety of cultures. Smilax species are found to inhabit a range of environments, including forests, marshes, and grasslands. Studies have demonstrated their interactions with other pollinators, such as specialist beetles, and their contribution to the habitat of other bird and invertebrate species. Furthermore, some species are consumed or utilized to make different kinds of drinks. In order to protect the diversity of Smilax plants and the environments they live in; conservation activities are essential. Notwithstanding their extensive range and ecological significance, the Smilax genus has not received enough thorough research attention. The focus of this review has been on the morphological traits, ecological importance, and variety of applications. To learn more about the evolutionary links within the genus and to learn more about the pharmacological and ecological characteristics of the Smilax plants, more investigation is to be carried out.