Abstract
Green tea is produced from Camellia sinensis (L.) buds and leaves that have not gone through the oxidation and withering processes used to produce black and oolong teas. It was originated in China, but its cultivation and production have expanded to other Eastern Asian countries. Several polyphenolic compounds, including flavandiols, flavonols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, are found in green tea and may constitute greater than 30% of the dry weight. Flavonols, especially catechins, represent the majority of green tea polyphenols. Green tea polyphenolic compounds have been reported to confer several health benefits. This review describes the potential use of green tea polyphenols in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of green tea polyphenols have also been considered in this review. In addition to describing the bioactivities associated with green tea polyphenols, this review discusses the potential delivery of these biomolecules using a nanoparticle drug delivery system. Moreover, the bioavailability and toxicity of green tea polyphenols are also evaluated.
Highlights
Plants are a powerful medicinal resource, and numerous studies on the therapeutic value of plants have been conducted [1,2,3,4]
Directions e COVID-19 pandemic has affected all facets of life, contributing to a thorough search for potential treatments against SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus underlying COVID-19
Many antiviral drugs should be developed for the treatment or alleviation of current and future coronavirus diseases
Summary
Plants are a powerful medicinal resource, and numerous studies on the therapeutic value of plants have been conducted [1,2,3,4]. Scientific evidence suggests that tea has many health benefits, which have. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine been attributed to the presence of polyphenols contained in tea leaves. The polyphenols contained in tea leaves depend on the preparation of the leaves. Green tea provides a wide range of health benefits, including antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Green tea contains polyphenols, such as flavandiols, flavanols, and flavonoids, which are phenolic acids and represent greater than 30% of the total dry weight. Green tea contains 4 major catechins: (–)-epicatechin (EC), (–)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), (–)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) [13]. Green tea polyphenols have antiviral properties, mediated through a variety of mechanisms, which is essential during a pandemic situation, as researchers are racing to find treatments against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). L-theanine is found in green tea, which stimulates human gamma delta T lymphocytes to produce interferon-c (IFN-c), an antimicrobial cytokine [14, 15]. e promising benefits of green tea polyphenols for the treatment of COVID-19 are highlighted in this review article
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