Abstract
The mechanisms involved in immune responses to cancer have been extensively studied for several decades, and considerable attention has been paid to harnessing the immune system’s therapeutic potential. Cancer immunotherapy has established itself as a promising new treatment option for a variety of cancer types. Various strategies including cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), adoptive T-cell cancer therapy and CAR T-cell therapy have gained prominence through immunotherapy. However, the full potential of cancer immunotherapy remains to be accomplished. In spite of having startling aspects, cancer immunotherapies have some difficulties including the inability to effectively target cancer antigens and the abnormalities in patients’ responses. With the advancement in technology, this system has changed the genome-based immunotherapy process in the human body including the generation of engineered T cells. Due to its high specificity, CRISPR-Cas9 has become a simple and flexible genome editing tool to target nearly any genomic locus. Recently, the CD19-mediated CAR T-cell (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) therapy has opened a new avenue for the treatment of human cancer, though low efficiency is a major drawback of this process. Thus, increasing the efficiency of the CAR T cell (engineered T cells that induce the chimeric antigen receptor) by using CRISPR-Cas9 technology could be a better weapon to fight against cancer. In this review, we have broadly focused on recent immunotherapeutic techniques against cancer and the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for the modification of the T cell, which can specifically recognize cancer cells and be used as immune-therapeutics against cancer.
Highlights
Cancer is the major increasing curse for the human population throughout the world and is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease
We have strongly focused on the strategy of T cell modification through using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing tool
The genetic construct of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) introduced to T cells by transfection with viral vectors, mRNA or plasmid can be performed using a gene editing tool (CRISPR-Cas9) to guide T cells that are aligned with the surface tumor-associated antigens (TAA) of the tumor cells (Table 1), and the recent development have evolved in molecular biology and gene editing tools
Summary
Md. Al Saber 1,† , Partha Biswas 2,3,† , Dipta Dey 4 , Md. Abu Kaium 2 , Md. Aminul Islam 2 , Miss Ismoth Ara Tripty 5 , MD. Hasanur Rahman 3,6 , Tanjim Ishraq Rahaman 3,6 , Md. Yeaman Biswas 2 , Priyanka Paul 4 , Md. Ataur Rahman 7,8,9 , Md. Nazmul Hasan 10, * and Bonglee Kim 8,9, *. Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore 7408, Bangladesh.
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