Abstract
Energy security is one of the most crucial factor in the development of any nation. Interconnections among different power system networks are made to lower the overall price of power generation as well as enhance the reliability and the security of electric power supply. Different types of interconnection technologies are employed, such as AC interconnections, DC interconnections, synchronous interconnections, and asynchronous interconnections. It is necessary to control the power flow between the interconnected electric power networks. The power flow controllers are used to (i) enhance the operational flexibility and controllability of the electric power system networks, (ii) improve the system stability and (iii) accomplish better utilization of existing power transmission systems. These controllers can be built using power electronic devices, electromechanical devices or the hybrid of these devices. In this paper, control techniques for power system networks are discussed. It includes both centralized and decentralized control techniques for power system networks. This paper also presents a comprehensive review of HVDC interconnections, asynchronous AC interconnections, synchronous AC interconnections and different types of power flow controllers used in these interconnections. Moreover, some important and multivariable flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices such as UPFC and IPFC are also discussed with their merits and limitations. Finally, a new asynchronous AC link called flexible asynchronous AC link (FASAL) system is also described in detail. At last, a summary of the comparative analysis of power system link and power flow controllers is given based on recent publications. More than 400 research articles and papers on the topic of power transfer control are covered in this review and appended for a quick reference.
Highlights
The electric power system around the globe has been evolved as an isolated system
This paper demonstrates different control models and methodologies which have been implemented for the decentralized system
This paper gives a comprehensive review of the interconnections between power system networks
Summary
The electric power system around the globe has been evolved as an isolated system. They are built to transmit electrical power from a centralized power generating station to a vast area distributed load. In order to ensure reliable and cost-effective power supply, interconnections are made between neighbouring electric networks through the tie-lines It provides an alternative path of power flow in case of contingencies. A constructive review of the recent advancement of voltage control techniques for the distributed and decentralized power networks is presented in [21]. The parameters (voltage and frequency) of both the grids may be the same or different It controls the real power flow between these grids, which requires reactive power support. HVDC BASED ON VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTERS SYSTEM The recent HVDC system is the voltage source converters based HVDC (VSC-HVDC) that uses GTOs or IGBTs as shown in Fig. 4 [38] It is generally used for medium power and short distance power transmission. A VSC-based HVDC transmission has the demerit of high capital cost and significant power loss than a LCC-HVDC system [47]
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