A comprehensive review of nocellulosic biomass and potential production of bioenergy as a renewable resource in Pakistan.

Abstract

Global energy security, as well as environmental concerns, are major motivators for increased biomass usage around the world, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Developing countries are experiencing a severe energy shortage. To fulfill its energy needs, the country spends about $7 billion per year on fossil fuel important benefits from nearly 159 million animals producing nearly 652 million kg of manure per day, which can be used to generate 16.3 million m3 biogas per day and 21 million tons of biofertilizer annually. In the year 2000, the Pakistani government launched the Biogas Support Program (BSP). It has already installed 1200 biogas units and plans to install another 10,000 in the next five years, Nearly a quarter of the country's biogas capacity comes from this area. The cost of conventional fuel is projected to be 92,062 PKR per year for a biogas unit with a 10 m3 range. The implementation of biogas units is said to have increased women's opportunity costs, resulting in a positive effect on household income. The demand for biogas renewable energy systems is strong, and the number of these systems is steadily increasing. They are simple to implement and can be completed on a shoestring budget. For the 70% of the country's population who live in rural areas, a biogas energy corridor may be a viable alternative. An additional alternative is to build plants to bottle biogas. The government should formulate a policy that allows for the delivery of this technology to farmers' doorsteps. The article outlines the overall progress on Pakistan's existing biogas use scenario, as well as the potential for biogas and fertilizer, as well as the economic advantages of biogas over conventional fuels. This is the first time anything like this has happened, and it's great to see findings announced with such precision.