Abstract
Energy harvesting (EH) or scavenging is recognized as harvesting energy from ambient energy sources in the surrounding environment. This paper reports a literature review on radio frequency (RF) EH using different metasurface/metamaterial structures based on split-ring resonators (SRRs), electric inductive–capacitive (ELC) resonators, square-patch unit cells, square-ring unit cells, etc. The essential parameters in rectifying antenna (rectenna) design are included, such as receiving antenna efficiency, conversion efficiency, dimensions, supporting substrate properties, frequency band, and overall performance, etc. It is noted that rectenna design using conventional antennas such as microstrip antennas, monopole antennas, slot antennas, dielectric resonator antennas, etc. suffers from low power conversion efficiency with larger size. To overcome the above-mentioned constraints and enhance the conversion efficiency with smaller size, metasurface/metamaterial structures are used as EH collectors. An introduction to EH is discussed, followed by an overview of energy sources in the ambient environment. Several hypothetical and experimental studies on metasurface-based EH systems are summarized.
Highlights
As of late, developments on ultra- low power portable electronic devices and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) open the possibility of harvesting ambient energies to power directly low-power electronic devices or recharge secondary batteries
This paper has reviewed a comprehensive survey on energy harvesting (EH) and recent advances in metamaterial/metasurface structure based radio frequency (RF) EH systems
It can be very well reasoned that metasurface collectors are better than conventional antennas/arrays
Summary
Developments on ultra- low power portable electronic devices and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) open the possibility of harvesting ambient energies to power directly low-power electronic devices or recharge secondary batteries. Batteries have still been the essential power source for these system devices, but this way has many intrinsic drawbacks, such as the size of the battery, total weight, limited battery life, replacement of batteries for larger number of sensors, and the cost of these devices. For these reasons, there are increasing efforts to develop new power sources to meet the energy needs of these wireless sensor systems. Alternative approaches to this challenge are delivering the power wirelessly from a source or using EH from surrounding ambient sources in an efficient way
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