Abstract
The ever increasing trend of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power system has increased the uncertainty in the operation and control of power system. The vulnerability of RES towards the unforeseeable variation of meteorological conditions demands additional resources to support. In such instance, energy storage systems (ESS) are inevitable as they are one among the various resources to support RES penetration. However, ESS has limited ability to fulfil all the requirements of a certain application. So, hybridization of multiple ESS to form a composite ESS is a potential solution. While integrating these different ESS, their power sharing control plays a crucial role to exploit the complementary characteristics of each other. Therefore, this article attempts to bring the numerous control strategies proposed in the literature at one place. Various control techniques implemented for HESS are critically reviewed and the notable observations are tabulated for better insights. Furthermore, the control techniques are classified into broad categories and they are briefly discussed with their limitations. From the carried-out analysis, the challenges faced towards the implementation of HESS for standalone and grid connected microgrid systems are presented. Finally, the future directions are laid out for the researchers to carry out the research and implementation of HESS technologies. Overall, this article would serve as a thorough guide on various control techniques implemented for HESS including their features, limitations and real-time applications.
Highlights
F ROM the past few years, the growing concerns on environmental effects due depletion of fossil fuels has resulted in transition towards renewable energy sources (RES) to satisfy the global energy demand
The simulation findings reveal that the projected battery capacity and total device performance in comparison to the state controller system have improved by 12.23% and 14.65% [60]
The recently published articles on HESS are critically reviewed and noticeable characteristics of each control technique are summarized in tables
Summary
F ROM the past few years, the growing concerns on environmental effects due depletion of fossil fuels has resulted in transition towards RES to satisfy the global energy demand. RES have various limitations like poor load following, intermittent power generation and nondispatchable nature. Due to these factors, their coordination in the grid system is a challenging task for efficient operation, for high capacity systems [3]. The developing nations are moving towards smart cities to achieve their goals such as environmental sustainability, adequate power supply, efficient mobility and the adoption of electric vehicles, where RES and ESS play a critical role. Improves storage capacity and lifetime of plant (minimizes the dynamic stress of the secondary storage system and optimizes the operation) Due to these credible features of HESS, numerous researchers and industrial experts have focussed on the development of HESS technologies for integration of RES into the grid.
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